Vol. XIX January, 1943 No. 1 THE I! JUlViU.\ LIBRARY 600 OCEAN AVE., 8. F. Pan -Pacific Entomologist Published by the Pacific Coast Entomological Society in co-operation with The California Academy of Sciences CONTENTS ARMITAGE, RELATIONS OF HAWAIIAN INSECT FAUNA TO CALIFORNIA AGRICULTURE 1 MITCHELL, RECORDS AND DESCRIPTIONS IN MEGACHILID SUBGENUS ARGYROPILE 12 VAN DYKE, NEW SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN CARABIDAE 17 POTTS, SYSTEMATIC NOTES CONCERNING AMERICAN ACRAEINAE 31 OMAN, A NEW LEAFHOPPER FROM OCEANIA 33 PROCEEDINGS OF PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 35 JUNIOR library 600 OCtAN AVL, S.F. San Francisco, California 1943 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST EDITORIAL BOARD E. C. Van Dyke E. G. Linsley R. C. Miller Associate Editor Editor Treasurer R. L. UsiNGER* G. F. Ferris E. S. Ross* * On military leave Published quarterly in January, April, July, and October with Society Proceedings appearing in the January number. 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Make checks payable to “Pan-Pacific Ento- mologist.” INSECT BOXES Standard size black insect box with sides of box and cover made of i/j" redwood. The top, bottom and shoulders are of heavy cardboard. Inside dimensions: I2%x8%x2% inches. Prices: 60 cents each. Lots of one dozen, 50 cents each. With Masonite bottom, 15 cents extra. With glass top, 50 cents extra. Prices for larger quantities on request. Unit boxes also manufactured Prices on application RAISIN AND THIEBAUT BROS., LTD. 346 First Street, San Francisco, Calif. Entered as second class matter, February 10, 1925, at the postoffice at San Francisco, California, under Act of August 24, 1912. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist n c? '» * u' I '» tt W-HH Vol. XIX, No. 1 6QQ January, 1943 POSSIBLE ECONOMIC RELATIONS OE THE HAWAIIAN INSECT FAUNA TO CALIFORNIA AGRICULTURE* BY H. M. ARMITAGE Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine State Department of Agric^dture, San Francisco, California The insect fauna of the Hawaiian Islands, both native and accumulated, is of direct interest and in some cases of serious concern to mainland agriculture, particularly to California which is the first mainland point of contact which grows commercially in her warm interior valleys or along the coast many of the host fruits or plants indigenous to the Islands. Geographically as well as figuratively the Islands represent the last stepping-stone across the Pacific between the far East and the continental United States. For more than one hundred and fifty years they have been the focal point of nearly all trade routes travelled by surface ships moving to Pacific Coast ports from that vast area of the old world which includes Japan, Formosa, Eastern Asia, China, the Malay Peninsula, India, the Philippines, Australia, New Zealand and Oceania. More recently rapidly developing air transportation is closely following the same channels. Carriers over these routes have been and will continue to be the only means of transporting the myriad insect species representing known and potential plant pests in those areas to the Pacific Coast because natural spread is obviously precluded by the extended intervening water barriers. It is not surprising, therefore, that over the years, in spite of quarantine safeguard measures which have been rigorously enforced during the latter part of that period, there may have accumulated in the Islands, as an addition to the local fauna an assortment of species which have not previously found it possible to complete the final and longer jump to the mainland. Until very recently the 2,400 miles of water lying between the Islands and the mainland has, as just stated, proven a very effective barrier against natural spread. This natural safeguard has been further augmented by the limited number of available mainland ports of entry and the restriction of transportation due * Presidential address read before the Pacific Coast Entomological Society on December 5, 1942. 2 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [-yQ^ xiX NO 1 to the long haul involved and to the small number of major carrier lines. All of these factors have combined to make the enforcement of prohibitory or restrictive plant quarantines practical. The picture, however, is rapidly changing under the impetus of war conditions which are forcing advanced changes in trans- portation methods and materially increasing the number of trans- pacific contacts with and via the Hawaiian Islands. Whereas yesterday the fastest passenger ships took four and one-half days to traverse the distance between Honolulu and San Francisco and the slower freighters from five to eight days, pas- senger carrying planes with appreciable cargo space now make the same trip in as little as nine hours. Whereas arrivals averaged less than one a day they are rapidly approaching several daily. In one recent month as many passengers arrived by air as were carried by surface ships. And whereas ports of entry have been limited to the few natural harbors available to surface ships, air travel requirements have opened a wide vista of practical landing fields, whether for land or sea planes, throughout the entire length and breadth of the coastal area. As already intimated the war situation itself has played an important part in this changing picture, forcing changes through necessity that might otherwise have taken a generation to develop. It has been responsible for materially increasing the hazards of introducing new pests through the medium of host fruits and plants carried in cargo, ships stores and quarters and in crew and passenger baggage. Ships and operating personnel have been diverted into the Hawaiian theater which have never been in those waters before and therefore are not familiar with the potential pest problems peculiar to that area. Air movements have made it possible to successfully transport field-ripened fruits which represent the optimum in host carriers. As a result more host plant material has been intercepted at coast ports and landing fields, with a higher ratio showing infestation, than at any time prior to December 7, 1941. In view of this situation it seems worth-while to review some of the known economic insects established in the Islands which might, if introduced, prove equally important to California agriculture and to call attention to some of the little-known species which might become important if introduced into a new habitat. We shall also consider the potentialties of the means bv which they might be introduced. In the present instance such a review is based on regulations directed against recognized pests JANUARY, 1943] ARMIT AGE— HAWAIIAN INSECT FAUNA 3 as covered in Federal (1)** and State (2) quarantines and on records of Hawaiian entomologists as reported in the Proceed- ings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society (3) and in the Annual Reports of the Hawaiian Agricultural Experiment Sta- tion (4). These sources of information have been supplemented by records covering an extensive list of insects (5) intercepted during the past ten years during the inspection of cargo, ships stores and quarters and passengers and crew baggage arriving at San Francisco from Hawaii. Meriting first consideration in such a review are those species known to be seriously injurious to agriculture which are covered by specific quarantines, heading which is obviously the Mediter- ranean Fruit fly {Ceratitis capitata Wied.) common to a wide range of fruits, vegetables and fleshy seeds in the Islands. Pos- sibly this insect is more commonly thought of in California as a potential pest of citrus because of the extensive publicity given to its attack on grapefruit during its brief occurrence in Florida. However, it offers promise of being a more serious pest of peaches and other closely related fruits. Knowledge of the ecological factors involved indicates that it could be of serious economic importance on such hosts if introduced into the warmer interior valleys or into the area along the coast from San Francisco soutli to the Mexican border. Because of its wide range of hosts, the opportunities for the introduction of the Med-fly are probably greater than for any other insect. Except for the understanding cooperation of the carrier lines these hosts might be carried in quantity on every arrival from Hawaii. Fortunately, one of the incentives which has made many hosts attractive to the travelling public — their novelty — has been removed by extensive commercial plantings of similar fruits on the mainland. Also, some of the desire always prompted by prohibitions has been nullified by permitting pre- ferred host fruits to move under certified origin treatment. Ap- proved treatments consist of exposure to a temperature of 35° F. for fifteen days or 110° F. for eight hours or subjection to fumigation using methyl bromide. Host fruits may also move as frozen fruit at 20° F. Though any of these treatments is com- pletely effective against all stages of the Med-fly, the effect on the host from the commercial standpoint has been such that their use seems to have proven practical only in the case of heat. ** Numbers in parentheses refer to bibliographic citations at the end of the paper. 4 the pan-pacific entomologist [voL. XIX, NO. 1 However, there are many hosts not open to such treatments which are entirely unsuspected by the average traveler. Out- standing in this category is the fresh coffee berry. Its brilliant coloring makes it attractive as a souvenir and its novelty prompts tourists to attempt its propagation as an ornamental. Being a preferred host of the Med-fly and seldom encountered uninfested, it offers one of the most likely means of introduction. The fact that the Med-fly has not become established here during the thirty years which have elapsed since it first made its appearance in the Islands speaks well for the safeguard measures which have been carefully enforced during that period. Deserving second consideration is the Melon fly (Daciis cucur- hitae Coqiiillet) which is closely associated with the Med-fly in the Islands. It also attacks a wide range of fruits but more par- ticularly fleshy vegetables and their above-ground stems. Its hosts include the balance of the fresh fruits and vegetables not included in the host range of the Med-fly, though there is of course some overlapping. Together these two insects could prove serious over a wide range of California’s tremendous acreage of deciduous and sub-tropical fruits and over her equally large acreage of such vegetables as cucumbers, tomatoes, melons, thin- skinned squash, green beans and others. Hosts of the Melon Fly from Hawaii are most likely to be carried as ships stores and find their way ashore in refuse unless prevented by adequate inspections and other safeguard measures. Considering other insects in their seeming order of importance, the pink boll worm {Fectinophora gossypiella Saund.) is also of outstanding importance. California’s ability to consistently produce nearly twice as much cotton per acre, over her 500,000 acres, as the national average, is in part attributable to the absence of any real major pests of that host in the state. The pink boll worm is recognized as second to the Cotton boll weevil as such a pest and is co m mon to cotton in the Islands. While not grown extensively there, some is grown commercially. Cot- ton bolls gathered as souvenirs and carried in passenger or crew baggage or used as supplementary packing in mail packages, particularly at Christmas time, as is not at all uncommon, are invariablv found to carry larvae. In addition to attacking both cultivated and wild cotton, the pink boll worm is also recorded as attacking the seed of Thespesia populnea in Hawaii. This is a small tree common to the Islands of the Pacific, belonging in the Malvaceae and sometimes grown in moist warm places in Southern California as an ornamental. JANUARY, 1943] armitage^hawaiian insect fauna 5 In addition to the pink boll worm there are a number of poten- tial pests reported as attacking the native wild cotton {Gossy- pium tomentosum) in Hawaii which might possibly adapt them- selves to cultivated cotton if introduced to the mainland. None of these are included in Smith’s list of insects attacking cotton in California (11). They include a weevil {Rhyncogonus simplex Perkins) whose larvae inhabit the soil and whose adults feed on the foliage; three species of plant bugs, Ithamar hawaiiensis Kirkaldy, Nysius delectus White, and Nysius coenosolus Stab, which are foliage feeders; a mealybug {Pseudococcus filamen- tosus Ckll.) ; a fulgorid {Oliarus discrepans Giffard) ; a thrips {Taeniothrips hawaiiensis Morgan) ; and the cotton blister mite {Eriophyes gossypii Banks). The pineapple mealybug {Pseudo^ coccus hrevipes Ckll.), commonly infesting nearly all Hawaiian pineapples received at mainland ports, is reported from cotton in the Islands. While sweet potato production is not as extensive in Califor- nia as in many other states, it is singularly free from serious insect pests and the acreage is sufficient to warrant an interest in those pests which might be introduced from Hawaii. Among the more important ( 11) are the larger sweet potato weevil {Cylas formicarius Fabr.) an introduced species; the smaller sweet potato weevil {Cryptorhynchus hatatae Waterhouse) which i-s the common West Indian form and quite destructive at times, and a third species {Euscepes postfasciatus Favim), the adults and larvae of all of which bore into both the tubers and the above-ground stems; the sweet potato stem borer {Omphisa anastomosalis Giienee) , a pyralid introduced into the Islands from China, whose common name describes its attack; the sweet potato leaf roller {Phlyctaenia despecta Butler) which is indi- genous and which seriously skeletonizes the foliage; the sweet potato leaf miner [Bedellia orchidella Walsm.) ; and the sweet potato thrips {Dendrothripoides impomeae Bagnall). The latter is said not to be as injurious in the Islands as in other countries where it is present and is given credit for being predaceous on eggs of the sweet potato leaf miner. However, this complement of insects attacking every part of the plant would represent rather undesirable introductions into California and that possibility should be of concern to any commercial grower of sweet potatoes in the State. Fortunately a Federal quarantine prohibits the entry of sweet potatoes of Hawaiain origin or any parts of the plant at mainland ports. Possibility of introduction is, therefore, prac- 6 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XIX, NO. 1 tically restricted to host material discarded as ship refuse against which adequate safeguards are already established. McKenzie (9) records ten pests of avocado in the Hawaiian Islands, only one of which, the palm mealybug {Pseudococcus nipae Mask.), he records as occurring in California. That spe- cies is listed as a minor pest here. Included in those he lists as occurring in the Islands are, of course, the Med-fly as previously covered. Also included are the following: a coccid {Aspidiotus perseamm Ckll.), an aleyrodid {Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby), three scolytids {Crossotarsus externedentatus Favim, Hypothene- nius eruditus Westw., and Xylehorus immaturus Blackb.), a tor- tricid {Amorbia emigratella Busck) and a xyloryctid {Stenoma catenifer Wlsm.). To this group might be added another scolytid {Sinoxylon conigerum Gerst. ) which bores into and severs liv- ing twigs, and another coccid {Fiorinia fiorirdae Targioni). The latter has been found heavily infesting fruit from the Is- lands on many occasions suggesting rather widespread distribu- tion. Though present in California on palm, to a limited degree, it has never been taken on avocado within the State. Possibly the Hawaiian variety represents one of those strains within a species which has adapted itself to a specific host which would show the same preference if introduced to the mainland. It has been observed as being equally affected by the effective heat treatment under which Med-fly hosts are permitted to be brought into the State, all stages including the eggs seeming to be com- pletely killed. Present in the Islands and of particular interest to citrus growers are several species of coccids not found in California orchards. Most prominent among these is the coffee scale {Coccus viridis Green) . It is one of the soft scales and was first reported from lemon in Fiji. (3) It is credited with destroying the coffee industry in Ceylon twenty to twenty-five years ago, and is re- ported as having a preference for orange second only to coffee. It seems to be quite widespread in the Islands where it is more or less of a general feeder. It might be introduced into main- land orchards on any one of a number of ornamentals such as gardenia, Panax, Plumeria, Fitchia and others. Its preference for gardenia is responsible for State regulations prohibiting the entry of flower leis from Hawaii when made from the flowers of that host. This scale is reported as being a heavy smut pro- ducer and difficult to control with oil emulsions. The other coccids referred to include Parlatoria zizyphus (Lucas) and Unaspis yanonensis (Kuw.) which are also common to citrus in JANUARY, 1943] ARMITAGE— HAWAIIAN INSECT FAUNA 7 the Orient. The Japanese mealybug {Pseudococcus krauhniae Kuwana), of which a very restricted infestation on orange in the Ojai Valley in Ventura County was recorded some twenty-odd years ago, has been repeatedly intercepted from the Islands at Pacific Coast ports on Jasminum sp., gardenia and cacti. A white fly (yJZeyrodes Kirk.) , (8) representing an introduced spe- cies, occurs on citrus trees in and around the City of Honolulu. In addition to the Melon fly, which is recorded as a serious pest of green beans in the Islands, there are two other serious pests of that host which, if introduced, could prove very costly to the growers of all types of beans which represent one of Cali- fornia’s most valuable dry farm crops, and also to growers of green peas. One is a pyralid commonly known as the bean pod borer {Maruca testulalis Geyer) (4) which is recorded as seri- ously damaging both limas and string beans in the Islands as well as green peas. Of more or less widespread distribution throughout the tropic and sub-tropic zones, this species is con- sidered to be of suflScient importance to be the subject of Federal quarantines restricting the movement of its hosts from Puerto Rico to the eastern seaboard. More recently it has been repeat- edly intercepted in similar hosts entering the United States from Mexico at Mexican border ports, though fortunately moving east rather than into California. This species is sometimes responsible for damage credited to a lycaenid {Cosmolyce boetica Linn.), the second of the two serious pests referred to. This species is commonly called the bean butterfly. Its larvae are a serious pest of green beans, destroying the flowers as) well as attacking the pods. Both of these species are commonly intercepted on the so-called Mauna loa flower leis {Dioclea violacea) , one of the most popular types worn or carried by passengers returning from the Islands. For that reason such leis are prohibited entry into California by State regulations (2) . Another insect species of economic importance to beans in the Islands is a jassid {Empo- ascasolana DeLong), which is credited with destroying plants on occasion. The adults and nymphs feed on the under sides of the leaves and are responsible for what is termed “hopper bum.” In addition to beans it attacks lettuce, potato and celery among other hosts. However, the number one pest of green beans in Ha- waii is considered the Oriental rose beetle {Adoretus sinicus Burm.)(4), a scarabiid whose larvae feed on the roots in the soil and whose adults, when abundant, often completely skele- tonize the leaves. California has just completed the 1942 tomato season with a 8 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XIX, NO. 1 record of 781,000 tons canned — one-fourth of the total national canned production. While several important insect pests of this host already are present in the State, such as the tomato pin worm, and corn earworm, and more recently the tomato russet mite, there are several pests of tomato in the Islands which could add considerably to the total damage from insect attack, if intro- duced. Among those of major importance are the Med-fly and the melon fly previously mentioned under other hosts. Of lesser importance are the so-called Mexican leaf roller {Amorbia emi- gratella Busck), which also attacks broccoli and potato and has been included under potential pests of the avocado; and a gall midge [Contarinia solani Riibsaamen), which is partly respon- sible for the heavy blossom drop experienced in some districts. There are a number of miscellaneous insect pests of green vegetables present in the Islands in addition to the Melon fly or to those just mentioned as attacking green beans and peas, any one of which might prove of economic importance if established in any part of the extensive truck crop acreage in California. Among those of seeming importance are a tbrips {Taeniothrips allioriuni Priesner) attacking onions. This was originally de- scribed by Moulton as T. carteri but later corrected to alUorum on comparison with specimens from Japan; Taeniothrips hawaii- ensis (Morg. ), a general feeder in the Itelands' which is, reported as damaging asparagus; and a plant bug (Nysius nemorivagus White) recorded as attacking cucumbers and as causing silver wilt to terminal shoots of Irish potato. Of the hosts mentioned, asparagus and cucumbers have been offered for entry under the heat treatment for Melon and Med-fly which seems to be effective against many other insects. Potatoes and onions may be brought in under Federal certified inspection though few, if any, of the latter have been offered. Ornamentals brought in as rooted plants, admissible only without soil, but more often as cuttings, offer a more widespread opportunity of introducing particularly new species of scale in- sects and mealybugs, and, as propagative material for planting, present a more certain means of their establishment if not inter- cepted. A single handful of miscellaneous cuttings brought back by a visitor to the Islands for planting in California merely “be- cause they were pretty” when seen blooming in the Islands was found to carry as many as seven species of scale insects not known to occur in California. Any one of these species might find a more preferred host of economic importance on the main- land, or turn out to be a general feeder comparable to the olive JANUARY, 1943] ARMITAGE— HAWAIIAN INSECT FAUNA 9 scale {Parlatoria oleae Colve) which has recently attained eco- nomic importance in Central California. Among those which might be introduced from Hawaii are Lepidosaphes tokionis Kuwana on croton, orchids or strelitzia; Phenacaspis eugeniae var sandwichensis (Full.) and Ripersia pnlmarum (Ehrh.) on sprouted coconuts; Ceroplastes rubens (Mask.) and Lepidosaphes uniloha (Kuwana) on Maiele; Lepidosaphes pallida (Green) on juniper; Coccus acuminatus (Sign.), Coccus viridis (Green) and Proto pulvinaria pyriformis (Ckll.) on gardenia; Plseudaonidia clavigera (Ckll.), Pseudaonidia tesserata (deCharm), M organ- ella longispinae (Morg.) and Aster olecanium pustulans (Ckll.) on hibiscus; Pinnaspis huxi (Bouche) on strelitzia; Odonaspis secreta (Ckll.) and Antonina hamhusae (Maskell) on bamboo; Leucaspis cockerelli (Green) on cacti; Tylococcus gijfardi (Ehrhorn) on pandanus; Aonidiella inornata (McKenzie) on betel palm and pikake; and Pulvinaria psidii (Maskell) on Jas- mimum spp. Among the mealybugs which might be introduced on ornamentals are Pseudococcus filamentosus (Ckll.) on Areca sp., Pseudococcus virgatus (Ckll.) on betel palm and Pseudococcus krauhniae (Kuwana) on Jasmium, gardenia or cacti. Undoubt- edly, there are many other coccids which might he included but those cited represent actual interceptions made at Pacific Coast ports on the hosts given, which hosts were intended for planting in various localities in California. Our recent experience with the rapid spread of the gladiolus thrips [Taeniothrips simplex Morr.) and the extensive damage resulting from its attack on commercial, as well as private, gladioli plantings should make us rather thrips conscious as far as new additions to our already extensive State fauna is con- cerned. From that standpoint there are several species present in the Islands which might prove destructive if introduced and established. Haplothrips gowdeyi (Frank.) has a high popula- tion density and a wide range of hosts. It is normally a flower feeder but often attacks the foliage. Taeniothrips hawaiiensis (Morgan) is a general feeder on Leguminoseae and Convolvu- laceae. In addition to cotton and asparagus, as previously men- tioned, it also attacks alfalfa. Taeniothrips alliorium (Priesner) has already been mentioned as attacking onions. Selenothrips ruhrocinctus (Giard.) is reported as seriously damaging guava and plum causing a silvering of foliage and a cracking of the fruit. Thrips panicus (Moulton) is reported on rice. Speaking of rice, which is an important crop in California, one of the major insect pests of this host in Hawaii and in the 10 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XIX, NO. 1 Orient from which it was introduced into Hawaii, is the rice stem borer {Chilo simplex Butl.). Infestation in the Islands ia heavy and the damage often severe. It also attacks corn, wheat and sugar cane. Over-wintering larvae are eeasily carried in rice straw which was generally used as packing for bananas up to 1928. At that time it was discontinued because of this insect, being replaced with banana leaves. Rice straw is still used as packing for fragile merchandise and must be carefully watched for and removed when found. Due to the Federal prohibition against soil associated with plant material(l) there seems to he little danger of introducing the Oriental rose beetle {Adoretus sinicu^ Burm.) or the Ori- ental beetle {Anomala orientalis Waterhouse) common to the Islands, whose larvae are normally found in that medium. Both are Scarabaeids, the latter being somewhat similar in habits and life history to the Japanese beetle {Popillia japonica Newm.). Flower leis have long been looked on with suspicion as poten- tial carriers of a wide range of insects either as hosts or as transients (2) . The introduction hazards in this respect have been greatly increased by overnight air transportation. During a recent survey made by the author, forty-one species of insects, over half of which are more or less of economic importance, were taken on twelve different types of leis. In the final analysis the so-called Mauna loa was prohibited as a host of the bean pod borer (Maruca testidalis Geyer) and the bean butterfly {Cosmolyce hoeticus L.), bougainvillea as a host of the bean butterfly and gardenia as a host of the coffee scale {Coccus viri- dis Green). The balance are being disregarded as not of suffi- cient importance, or as not liable to introduction through the means of such carriers. While the foregoing list of economic or potentially economic insect species which might be introduced into California from Hawaii is far from complete, it is sufficiently comprehensive to emphasize the importance of exercising adequate safeguard meas- ures against such possibilities. In that respect they offer con- siderable food for thought, particularly in view of the changing conditions favorable to the transportation of their hosts as dis- cussed in the opening paragraphs of this paper. While prohibit- ing the entry of their hosts may have been effective up to now, the development of effective means of disinfection supports the present trend toward approved movement under supervised ori- gin treatment. The latter approach merits serious consideration from the standpoint of the gradually widening field of entry JANUARY, 1943] ARMIT AGE— HAWAIIAN INSECT FAUNA 11 under air transportation which it will be increasingly difficult to cover in the future by prompt inspections at destination. Bibliography (1) Federa,! Quarantine No. 13, Hawaiian Fruits and Vegetables. Federal Quarantine No. 30, Sweet Potatoes. Federal Quarantine No. 47, Cotton, Cottonseed and Cotton- seed Products. Federal Quarantine No. 60, Sand and Soil with Plants. B.E.P.Q. No. 462, Restrictions affecting the Importation and Interstate Movement of Frozen-pack Fruits. B.E.P.Q. No. 481, The Shipment of Fruits and Vegetables from Hawaii to the Mainland authorized under Supervised Sterilization. B.E.P.Q. No. 510, Amending Authorization of the Shipment of Fruits and Vegetables from Hawaii to the Mainland to include Fumigation with Methyl Bromide under Super- vision. (2) California M. Q. Circular No. 16, Flower Leis and Cut Flow- ers from Hawaii . California M. Q. Circular No. 40;, Hawaiian Vegetables Ap- proved for Shipment to Mainland. (3) Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, Vol- ume VII, No. 1 (1928) to Volume IX, No. 2 (1942) in- clusive. (4) Hawaiian Agricultural Experiment Station Annual Reports, 1938-39-40. (Entomology included first time in 1938.) (5) List of Intercepted Plant Pests, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, U. S. Department of Agriculture, 1932-42; inclusive. (6) Essig, E. 0., “Insects of Western North America,” The Mac- millan Co., New York (1926). (7) Fullaway, David T., “Insects Attacking the Sweet Potato in Hawaii,” Bulletin No. 22, Hawaii Agricultural Experi- mental Station, T. H. (1911). (8) Kirkaldy, G. W., “A Catalogue of the Hemipterous Family Aleyrodidae and Aleyrodidae of Hawaii and Fiji,” Bulle- tin No. 2, Division of Entomology, Board of Commission- ers of Agriculture and Forestry, T. H. (1907). (9) McKenzie, Howard L., “Biology and Control of Avocado In- sects and Mites,” Bulletin No. 592, University of Califor- nia (1935). (10) Quayle, H. J., “The Mediterranean and other Fruit Flies,” Circular No. 315, University of California (1929). (11) Smith, Gordon L., “California Cotton Insects,” Bulletin No. 660, University of California (1942). 12 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XIX, NO. 1 RECORDS AND DESCRIPTIONS IN THE MEGACHILID SUBGENUS ARGYROPILE (H3mienoptera, Megachilidae) ^ BY THEODORE B. MITCHELL University of North Carolina, Raleigh Four species of Megachile have been included in the sub- genus Argyropile, parallela (the genotype), townsendiana, nebraskana and sabinensis. Both parallela and toivnsendiana are known in both sexes and the close affinity of the two has been established, but the others are known only in the female siex and their relationship to the first two species is not so clearly evident. Recently two more species have been, discovered which seem to be related to members of this group. However, since the males of these also are not known, their inclusion in the subgenus is open to question, just as with nebraskana and sabinensis, and a positive opinion concerning their affinities will not be justified until the males have been discovered. Descrip- tions of these two species, as well as new locality records for the other species of Argyropile follow. This group of species may be separated from the other subgeneric groups by use of the key to subgenera of Megachile (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. LIX, p. 306, 1934), and the subgeneric characters are given in Part VI of the Revision of Megachile (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. LXIH, p. 46, 1937). Megachile (Argyropile) parallela Smith This species apparently has not been recorded previously from the states in the following list of records. Arkansas: 1 ?, Eureka Springs, Ouachita Mountains, Sep- tember 4, 1939 (E. C. Van Dyke). Georgia: 1 $, Perry, August 12, 1939 (E. G. Wegenek). Iowa: 1$, Sioux City (C. W. Ains- lie). Mexico: 1^, 1 2, Torreon, Chir., June 17, 1937 (Mead); 1 9 , Estrella District, Alamos, Sonora, October 2, 1933 (R. M. and G. E. Bohart). Missouri: 1^,8 2, Branson, September 9- 17, 1937; 8 2, O'zark Lake, September 23-24, 1939l (both E. C. Van Dyke). Oklahoma: 1 2, Strang, June 18, 1939; 1^, Tahlequah, June 17, 1939 (Kaiser-Nailon) . ^ Research Contribution No. 16, published with the aid of the State College Research Fund, Department of Zoology, North Carolina State College of Agri- culture and Engineering of the University of North Carolina. JANUARY, 1943] MITCHELL^ARGYROPILE 13 Megachile (Argyropile) townsendiana Cockerell Since this species, which was described from Arizona, has been recorded previously from only one eastern locality, Miami, Florida, the Florida and North Carolina records' in the follow- ing list are of especial interest. Arizona: 1 $, Continental, July 15, 1940 (E, E. Kenaga) ; 1 5,1$, Tombstone, August 13, 1940' (E. S. Ross). California: 1 5, Imperial County, June, 1912 (J. C. Bridwell). Florida: 1$, St. Augustine, October 12, 1929 (H. T. Fernald). New Mexico: 1$, Santa Rosa, June 23, 1940 (E. E. Kenaga). North Carolina: 25, mouth of Cape Fear River, July 25, 1941 (T. B. Mitchell). Texas: 1 $, Austin, April 27, 1902; 1 $,, Galveston, June, 1900 (both A. L. Melander) ; 1$, College Station, May 30, 1938; 15, El Paso, August 18, 1908 (F. C. Pratt). Megachile (Argyropile) nebraskana Mitchell Colorado: 1$, Hygene, July 11, 1936. Nebraska: 1$, Harri- son, July 18, 1936 (J. Player). Wyoming: 12$, Wheatland, July 14, 1937 (R. H. Beamer). Megachile (Argyropile) sabinensis Mitchell Arizona: 1$, 10 miles west of Bisbee, August 10, 1940; 1$, Turner, August 9, 1940; 1$, 10 miles east of Douglas, August 11, 1940 (all E. S. Ross); 1 $, Texas Canyon, Chiricahua Mountains, Cochise County, 5000-6000 feet, September 16, 1927 (J. A. Kusche). Texas: 1 $, Alpine, June 10, 1930 (E. G. Linsley) ; 1 $, Sanderson, June 10, 1930 (J. 0. Martin); 1$, Shefi&eld, June 14, 1940 (T. B. Mitchell) . Megachile (Argyropile) asterae Mitchell, new species This species is nearest to M. nebraskana and M. sabinensis. The rather coarsely rugoso-punctate surface of the vertex and mesonotum will readily serve to separate it from nebraskana, while in sabinensis there is a minute median denticle on the clypeal margin which is lacking in; asterae, and the puncturation in general is finer and more definitely separated in sabinensis than in this new species. Female. Size: Length, 15 mm.; breadth of abdomen, 5 mm.; anterior wing, 10 mm. Structure: Face slightly broader than long, eyes parallel; clyp- eal margin with a short incurved area medially, the rim of which 14 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yoL. XIX, NO. 1 is impunctate; mandible 4-dentate, a cutting edge between third and fourth teeth; second joint of flagellum subequal to pedicel, shorter than first joint; lateral ocelli very slightly nearer eyes than to edge of vertex, the vertex broad and flat, its margin nearly straight; cheeks broader than eyes; mid and hind meta- tarsi equalling their tibiae in length and nearly so in width, the anterior and posterior apical angles of mid- tarsal joints, produced, but not spine-like as in parallela; apical margin of fourth and fifth abdominal terga depressed, that of the third only laterally; sixth tergum straight in profile, with a few basal erect hairs visible at that angle; sixth sternum, largely bare over apical half, the rim reflexed, thickened or “rolled” (as in nebraskana). Puncturation : Shallow on clypeus, rather coarse and irregular medially, becoming very fine, close and indistinct laterally and above; supraclypeal area with a few relatively coarse close' punc- tures, otherwise they are minute and densely crowded; very fine and close on cheeks; more coarse and deep, but crowded over en- tire vertex; crowded over entire thorax, rather coarse on meso- notum medially and on pleura below, otherwise about asi fine as on vertex; very fine and close on abdomen basally, becoming more deep and distinct to fifth tergum, separated by more than their width on apical portion of disc on this segment, fine and crowded over entire sixth tergum. Color: Black; tegulae and spurs ferruginous; wing nervures black or piceous, the wing lightly infuscated, more so apically. Pubescence: Whitish on head, thorax and legs, some dark hairs intermixed on vertex and mesonotum, hairs covering outer surface of mid metatarsi more yellowish; white on basal segment of ab- domen and on basal portions of discs of second and third terga, these with dark pubescence apically and fourth and fifth covered with dark hairs, the sixth with some dark basal hairs laterally, intermixed with whitish suberect hairs, the apical half covered with pale tomentum, this becoming brownish at tip; segments 1-5 with entire white apical fasciae, these rather thin on first and second segments; scopa white, with no dark hairs at all evident, that on sixth sternum more brownish. Type, female, No. 5233, California Academy of Sciences, Ent., BCaibab Forest, Utah, September 21, 1938 (I. McCracken, on blue Aster ) . Megachile (Argyropile) rossi Mitchell, new species The following characters will serve to distinguish this ap- parently distinct form from M. parallela Smith, itsi nearest ally: the sixth tergum is definitely concave in profile; the clypeal margin lacks the median tubercle characteristic of parallela, being represented by the merest trace; the clypeal punctures are considerably finer than in parallela; and the apical posterior JANUARY, 1943] MITCHELLr— ARGYROPILE 15 angles of the mid tarsal segments are not produced as in parallela, although the anterior apical angles are much elon- gated. In other structural details, and in puncturation and pubescence, little if any difference in comparison with parallela can be detected. Positive proof that this is a distinct species, rather than a marked variant of parallela, awaits the discoVery of the male and the collection of a considerable series of females. Female. Size: Length, 15 mm.; breadth of abdomen, 4.3 mm.; anterior wing, 9.5 mm. Structure: Face distinctly broader than long; eyes slightly con- vergent below; median half of clypeal margin with a polished im- punctate rim in the center of which is a bare trace of a denticle; mandible 4-dentate, third tooth acute, about mid way between inner and outer teeth; apical joint of antenna longer than the others which are about equal to each other, the basal joint not quite twice the length of the pedicel; lateral ocelli subequally distant from eyes and edge of vertex, very slightly nearer to each other; vertex rather flat, hind margin nearly straight; joints of midi tarsi with anterior apical angles produced into slender finger- like projections, the posterior angles very short; hind metatarsi very broad and long, not quite twice the length of the remaining joints combined; segments 2-4 of abdomen with ratheri deep trans- verse basal grooves, apical margins of segments 3-5 deeply de- pressed, that of segment 2 depressed only toward sides; sixth tergum slightly but distinctly concave in profile, showing no erect hairs ; apical bare rim of sixth sternum but very slightly reflexed. Puncturation: Rather fine and sparse on the polished clypeus, more close on the cheeks and upper face, becoming minute and crowded on cheeks above, more coarse and distinctly separated on vertex where the surface is tessellated; close and rather fine on so'utellum and on mesonotum laterally, distinctly separated medi- ally, the surface tessellated, the pleura more coarsely rugoso- punctate; close and fine on abdomen basally, becoming more dis- tinct apically, sparse and rather coarse toward the apical de- pressed margin of segment 5, fine close and distinct on segment 6. Color: Black; wings subhyaline; tegulae and wing nervures ferruginous; spurs yellow. Pubescence: Entirely white; short and thin on vertex and mesonotum, very short on discs of segments 3-6 of abdomen, longer and more dense at sides of face, on cheeks below, on pleura, propodeum and basal segments of abdomen; scutello-mesothoracic suture white fasciate, and a dense white fringe above tegulae; abdominal segments white fasciate, but the more apical ones obscured (due apparently to condition of the specimen), sixth tergum largely covered with silvery appressed tomentum, becoming brownish toward the tip; scopa white, with no dark hairs in evidence. 600 OCEAN AVE., S. F. 16 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XIX, NO 1 Type, female, No. 5234, California Academy of Sciences, Ent., Tombstone, Arizona, August 13, 1940 (E. S. Ross.) . Para- type: 1 female, 10 miles west! of Douglas, Arizona, August 11, 1940 (E. S. Ross). The following key separates the females of all of the species and varieties that have been placed in Argyropile up to this time. One of these, flavihirsuta Mitchell, is Mexican, and has not been found north of the Mexican border. Key to Females of Argyropile 1. Sixth tergum distinctly concave in profile, covered with short, dense, appressed tomentum 2 -. Sixth tergum straight in profile 3 2. Apical rim of sixth sternum reflexed sharply upward; clypeal margin with a minute but distinct median denticle; punctures of clypeus close and rather coarse townsendiana -. Apical rim of sixth sternum not reflexed upward; median denti- cle of clypeal margin reduced to the barest trace; punctures of clypeus rather sparse, the surface shining. rossi 3. Clypeal margin with at least a slight median denticle 4 -. Clypeal margin with no trace of a median denticle 8 4. Inner angle of mandible incised, resulting in a 5-dentate con- dition; pubescence entirely bright fulvous flavihirsuta Mandible distinctly 4-dentate, the inner angle acute 5 5. Apical rim of sixth sternum reduced, sharply reflexed, not at all protuberant; punctures of clypeus very close; pubescence of sixth tergum subappressed, not densely tomentose sabinemsis -. Apical rim of sixth sternum protuberant; clypeus shining, the punctures well separated; sixth tergum densely pale tomentose medially and apically 6 6. Scopa on sixth sternum black parallela var. reta -. Scopa entirely pale 7 7. Lateral ocelli slightly nearer edge of vertex than to eyes parallela var. tulariana -. Lateral ocelli equidistant from eyes and edge of vertex parallela 8. Apical margin of clypeus straight medially, clypeal punctures well separated, the surface shining; mesonotum tessellated, with sparse and very minute punctures nehraskana -. Clypeal margin incurved medially, the surface densely and irregularly punctate, dull; vertex and dorsum of thorax very densely punctate throughout asterae JANUARY, 1943] VAN DYKE— CAR ARID AE 17 NEW SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN CARABIDAE BY EDWIN C. VAN DYKE California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco During the last few years, quite a number of species of Cara- bidae have been received which have been found to be new. These are now described and at the same time a few notes made concerning others. Calosoma lariversi Van Dyke, new species Rather small, short, black, smooth and shining. Head: smooth, at most with a few fine punctures and minute wrinkles, frontal impressions well marked; eyes only moderately convex; mandibles feebly striate and punctate; antennae with first five segments glabrous, the following more or less smooth on upper and lower faces, elsewhere finely pubescent. Prothorax relatively small, three-fifths as long as broad and about two-fifths broader than head, emarginate in front with anterior angles narrowly rounded, front margined and with elevated beading which is sometimes bleached or rufous, sides moderately arcuate in front, gradually narrowing and oblique behind middle, side margin well beaded, hind angles subangulate and extending backward to a moderate degree, the base feebly emarginate and sometimes finely margined laterally; disk slightly convex, almost smooth, with median longitudinal line finely impressed, lateral sulcus gradually broader posteriorly and rather coarsely punctured as is to a slight degree the area in front of basal margin. Wingless, elytra cordiform, humeral angles broadly rounded, sides moderately arcuate and gradually narrowing poste- riorly to subacute apex, side margin narrow and well reflexed ; disk quite convex and fairly smooth in front with striae finely and obscurely impressed and finely punctured, the apical area and declivity sometimes more coarsely sculptured, finely or even coarsely scabrous or rugose. Length 13-15 mm., breadth 6-8 mm. Males with first three tarsal segments on front feet broadly dilated and papillose beneath. Holotype, male, allotype, female (Nos. 5294 and 5295, C. A. S., Ent.) and four paratypes, all collected in an isolated locality near Lamoille, Nevada, June 25, 1941, by Mr. Ira La Rivers. The paratypes will all be returned to Mr. La Rivers, after whom I take great pleasure in naming this fine species. The species superficially looks very much like smaller speci- mens of Calosoma latipenne Horn because of its more or less smooth and shining appearance. It is, however, quite distinct, having eyes that are far less convex, not prominent as in lati- 18 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yoL. XIX, NO. 1 penne; a prothorax that is proportionately smaller, with sides almost straight and oblique behind, the hind angles subacute and projecting well posteriorly, not broadly rounded and feebly pro- jecting, the disk not broadly deplanate toward hind angles and with the head quite smooth, not more or less coarsely punctured and rugose as is generally the case in the other; and the elytra without serrations at the humeral margin. It is really more closely related to litxatiim Say, sharing with that species and its variations the less convex eyes and less prominent hind pro- thoracic angles. Its distribution also lends support to that rela- tionship. In this connection, I wish to state that our wingless, stubby species of Calosoma do not belong at all in the Old World genus Callisthenes. The latter are in general more powerfully con- structed, with large heads, a large prothorax, robust legs and with the outer segments of the antennae uniformly pubescent. I believe that our species are derived entirely from American stock, originating as offshoots from certain West American Calosoma. Some of these may later have to be placed in new subgenera but that should not be done until the entire group is carefully revised. Calosoma zimmermanni tahoensis Van Dyke, new subspecies Rather small and more or less gracefully formed, black, feebly shining. Head rugose, punctate, with eyes moderately convex, not hemispherical and projecting, frontal impressions distinct, an- tennae with outer segments more or less smooth on upper and lower faces. Prothorax rather small, 4.5-5 mm. wide, three-fifths as long as broad, two-fifths broader than head, apex emarginate, distinctly margined and with beading smooth, sides moderately arcuate in front, straight or feebly sinuate posteriorly and con- verging, side margin narrowly reflexed, hind angles sharply rounded and distinctly projecting beyond the almost straight basal margin; disk feebly convex, punctate, rugose, with median line finely impressed and apex and base finely and distinctly margined. Elytra elliptical, one-fourth longer than broad, humeral angles broadly rounded, sides arcuate, side margin narrowly reflexed; disk feebly convex, stria well defined and with intervals well ele- vated and more or less regularly interrupted to form rows of somewhat elongate tubercles. Length 13-14 mm., breadth 6-7 mm. Males with first three tarsal segments of front feet broadly dilated and papillose. Females generally larger than males. Holotype, male, allotype, female (Nos. 5296 and 5297, C. A. S., Ent. ) and numerous designated paratypes from a series of forty-one specimens in the collection of the California Acad- emy of Sciences. The holotype was collected by me high up on JANUARY, 1943] VAN DYKE— CARABIDAE 19 the slopes of Mt. Tallac, near Lake Tahoe, California, during June, 1899. The allotype was also collected by me, but near Fallen Leaf Lake, July 27, 1915. Most of the other specimens were also collected in the Lake Tahoe region at the higher alti- tudes such as the slopes of Mt. Tallac, Heather Lake, Glen Alpine (Blaisdell, Van Dyke, Fenyes), Summit (Koebele), but other specimens from high altitudes in other parts of the Sierra Nevada mountains were also found to be of the typical pygmy type, e.g., one from Donahue Pass, Yosemite National Park (V. Duran), two from Cow Creek, Tuolumne County (Van Dyke), and one from Mammouth, Mono County (Ross). This subspecies is a pygmy phase of zimmermani which is only found at high altitudes in the middle Sierras. Most speci- mens have been taken in the Lake Tahoe region. It closely re^ sembles in sculpture some of the more typical zimmermani from farther north such as those of the Mount Shasta region. These are of course larger and more robust, also have the head and pronotum more coarsely sculptured, rugose-sinuose, and the elytral tubercles more scale-like. The relatives found in the gold belt or foothill region to the west of Lake Tahoe have an entirely different type of sculpturing which places them as exaratus Csy. while those found in the Great Basin to the east, as at Verdi, Reno and Winnemucca, Nevada, are more definitely striate with the intervals less interrupted, the monticola of Casey. Nebria coloradensis Van Dyke, new species Larg«, robust, black, the elytra metallic and of a deep violet color, almost black, two spots on front, outer segments of antennae, tarsi and median portion of body beneath somewhat rufous. Head three-fourths breadth of prothorax, eyes moderately convex and prominent, antennae long and delicate, extending beyond middle of elytra, the frontal impressions flattening out laterally into feebly rugose triangular areas. Prothorax slightly less than three-fourths as long as broad, four-fifths as broad as elytra, apex feebly bi- sinuate at middle and with anterior angles sharply rounded and extending forward; sides broadly arcuate in front, sinuate poste- riorly and straight and parallel to base, forming right-angled hind angles, the reflexed margin fairly wide, of even width, and more acutely elevated posteriorly, base feebly bi-emarginate ; disk mod- erately convex and smooth, the median longitudinal line rather finely and feebly impressed, anterior and posterior transverse im- pressions rather deep, the anterior and basal areas punctate, rugose. Scutellum smooth and arcuate posteriorly. Elytra elongate- elliptical, about three times as long as prothorax and four-ninths longer than broad, humeri not prominent, the humeral angles arcu- ate, sides almost straight or very feebly arcuate and gradually 20 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XIX, NO. 1 diverging to posterior third, thence rounded to apex; the disk slightly convex, flattened at middle, the striae finely and rather deeply impressed and very finely, closely punctured, intervals def- initely convex, narrowed and crowded near base, broader and flat- ter behind, the third and seventh irregularly interrupted and catenate behind, the ninth interrupted throughout, the lateral margin finely reflexed. Legs long and delicate. Length 14 mm., breadth 5.5 mm. Holotype, male (No. 5298, C. A. S., Ent.), a unique collected by myself near the Twin Lakes, Lake County, Colorado, June 28, 1935. This feebly metallic species belongs very near metallica Fisch. It is, however, longer, proportionately narrower as regards head, prothorax and elytra, the prothorax more gradually narrowed behind, the elytra definitely elliptical, not square shouldered, and the intervals as the result of the narrowed basal area nar- rower, more convex and crowded together toward the base, the striae also more evidently impressed. This species, though more robust, also has somewhat the facies of purpurata Lee. but its prothorax is larger and broader and the elytra more elliptical, less narrowed and spatulate than in purpurata. Nebria zioni Van Dyke, new species Elongate, somewhat narrow, brown, head, prothorax, epipleurae and often elytral suture more or' less rufous, antennae, palpi and legs testaceous, the elytra generally with a feeble, metallic green lustre. Head about one-third breadth of prothorax, eyes moder- ately convex, antennae long and delicate, extending to miiddle of elytra, the two rufous frontal spots generally coalescent or the entire forehead rufous. Prothorax two-thirds as long as broad, three-fourths as broad as elytra, apex feebly bi-emarginate, apical angles sharply rounded and extending well forward, sides arcuate in front, narrowing posteriorly, sinuate well in front of hind angles and parallel to base forming prominent right-angled hind angles, very acute at apex, base feebly bi-emarginate; disk convex, anterior transverse impression feebly to well impressed, the poste- rior transverse and basal impressions deep and more or less punc- tured, the lateral margin rather wide, broader near hind angles and with a narrow reflexed margin. Elytra elongate- elliptical, or feebly spatulate, three times as long as prothorax, two-thirds as broad as long; the disk slightly convex, stria deeply impressed and very finely, closely punctured, the intervals entire and narrowed and crowded toward base, broader posteriorly, several small punc- tures in third interval and generally near third stria, the humeral angles obliquely rounded, lateral margins narrowly reflexed. Legs long and delicate. Length 10 mm., breadth 4 mm. JANUARY, 1943] VAN DYKE— CARABIDAE 21 Holotype, male, allotype, female (Nos. 5299 and 5300, C. A. S., Ent.), and several designated paratypes from a series of twenty-one specimens, nineteen collected in the canyon of Zion National Park, Utah, by myself on May 29, 1935, and two col- lected in the same area by Dr. A. M. Woodbury. This species is very similar to Nebria eschscholtzi Men. and probably derived from the same stock. It differs from it by being generally narrower, the prothorax narrower, the sides sinuate farther forward in front of the hind angles and the hind angles themselves more prominent; and the elytra elliptical or feebly spatulate, with the base much narrowed, the humeral area re- duced, the elytral intervals much narrowed and crowded at base, and the elytra themselves with a feeble yet definite metallic lustre. The true wings are so much reduced or aborted that they are less than half the length of those in normal eschscholtzi which them- selves are considerably aborted and the result of this is indicated in the basal area of the elytra which are very much narrowed as compared with those in the other species. Nebria eschscholtzi Men. is a species found commonly along the streams flowing into the Pacific ocean from Alaska to south- ern California hut except in the north where it follows the branches of the Columbia and other streams inland, it does not extend much east of the Cascades or Sierra Nevada mountains. I have seen a typical specimen from Pyramid Lake, Nevada, a remnant of the ancient Lake La Hontine, which formerly had an outlet to the northwest, but I have seen no true eschscholtzi from the southern part of the Great Basin. The ancestors of Nebria zioTii were probably isolated and left as relicts as a result of the gradual drying up of most of this inter-mountain region and their physical degenerative processes accelerated. Pasimachus velutinus Van Dyke, new species Large, robust, black, the males shining, the females dull or opaque and generally with a feeble violaceous tint to pronotum, the elytra smooth or even, without sulci or striae. Head large, front smooth or feebly wrinkled, especially forwards in females, frontal impressions deep, eyes large but feebly convex, antennae robust, extending beyond middle of prothorax, segments 2-4 not carinate, feebly compressed toward base at most, labrum broadly and feebly trilobed, conspicuously strigate, mandibles robust and strigate. Prothorax robust, apex broadly emarginate, apical angles subacute and slightly produced forwards, sides broadly arcuate from apical angles to close to base, then narrowed and sinuate to small, feebly everted, acute angles, the base broadly emarginate. 22 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yoL. XIX, NO. 1 basal marginal line fine and deep; disk slightly convex, almost smooth, median longitudinal line finely impressed, anterior trans- verse impression in general poorly defined, posterior transverse impression quite evident in the male, vague in females. Elytra cordiform, humeral area broadly rounded, sides slightly arcuate and narrowed and oblique to subacute apex, margins finely refiexed, humeral carina very short but with a small tooth at its base on the margin; disk evenly arched and smooth, the general surface as also of head and pronotum minutely alutaceous under high power of magnification, a double row of minute punctures can sometimes be seen, surface shining in males and dull in females. Legs quite robust, spine of middle tibiae slender and acute, hind tibiae of males not densely pubescent on inner side and tarsi long and slender. Beneath more or less smooth and shining. Length 35 mm., breadth, 13 mm. Holotype, male, allotype, female (Nos. 5301 and 5302, C. A. S., Ent.) and five female paratypes, the holotype collected at Venedio, Sinaloa, Mexico, July 23, 1918, by J. August Kusche; the allotype at the same locality, June 28, 1918, four paratypes also collected at Venedio while the fifth was taken at San Bern- ardino, Rio Mayo. Sonora, Mexico, July 15, 1935, by H. S. Gentry. This fine species might at first sight be confused with Pasima- chus calif ornicus Chd. It is in general somewhat longer, the males and females differ in appearance to a greater degree, and it has the distinctive characters such as the non-carinate basal segments of the antennae and the non-puhescent inner surface of the male hind tibiae. I cannot find any other species listed from Mexico other than californicus that at all resembles it and it differs greatly from any of those found in our own country. Dyschirius arizonicus Van Dyke, new species Medium sized, narrow and elongate, entirely rufous to rufotesta- ceous. Head smooth with an inverted V-shaped impression between antennae, clypeus tridentate with median tooth prominent. Pro- thorax globose, smooth and shining, median longitudinal line finely impressed and anterior transverse impression distinct. Elytra eljongate, base subtrans verse and with basal striae distinct, hu- meral angles well rounded, all striae present and complete, well impressed and finely punctured to posterior third, third interval tripunctate. Anterior tibiae not dentate. Length 3 mm., breadth 1.26 mm. Holotype (No. 5303, C. A. S., Ent.) and five paratypes col- lected at Holbrook, Arizona, and coming to me from the C. W. Leng collection. JANUARY, 1943] VAN DYKE— CARABIDAE 23 This rufous species, in size, color and general appearance, looks very much like Dyschirius salivagans Lee. but the mar- gined base of elytra and tripunctate elytral intervals separate it widely. The well marked tridentate clypeus would place it very close to Dyschirius tridentatus Lee. Feronia (Feronina) humidula Van Dyke, new name In January, 1926, I described a new species of Feronia as Pterostichus pacificus (Pan-Pacif. Ent., II, No. 3, p. 114) . The specific name, I find, is preoccupied by P. pacificus Poppius (Acta. Soc. Fauna Flora Fenn., XXVIII, 1906, nr. 5, pp. 25, 184) . I therefore take this opportunity to change the name of my species to humidula Van Dyke. The generic name Pterostichus Bon. will also have to be replaced by Feronia Latr. for, accord- ing to H. E. Andrewes, an authority on the Carabidae, Bonelli never properly published the description of the genus, merely sending a leaflet with the description to a few friends. The spe- cies of Poppius is in the subgenus Cryobius. I formerly placed my species in that subgenus but I find upon reexamination and with the help of additional specimens, that it does not belong there but in the subgenus Feronina Csy. along with lanei Van Dyke, described at the same time. As a result, I find that there are three species in the subgenus and their distribution is inter- esting in that it corresponds with the three relict tertiary faunas of northern origin in North America: the Vancouveran, the Ida- hoan and the Alleghaenian. I have defined these in various papers, the first published in 1919 (Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., XII, pp. 1-12, 1919). The following synopsis will aid in the separation of the members of the subgenus Feronina. Synopsis of the Species of Feronina Larger species, 11 mm. or over in length, black or dark casta- neous (immature), elytra about twice as long as broad 2 Smaller species, 8-9 mm. long, piceous to black, legs quite rufous, elytra barely a third longer than broad; eyes moder- ately convex; sides of prothorax arcuate in front, sinuate be- hind and straight and parallel for a short distance to the right- angled hind angles, the basal impressions broad and deep and more or less coarsely punctured; elytral intervals somewhat flattened. Prosternum rounded and deflexed at apex, not mar- gined. Grays Harbor, Wash, (type, Hoquim) and northern Coast of Oregon, Cannon Beach and Columbia County humidula Van Dyke JUNIOR IV1USEU?<1 LiBR/lRY 600 OCEAN AVE., S. F. 24 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XIX, NO. 1 2. Eyes not prominent, feebly convex; sides of prothorax arcuate in front and straight or feebly sinuate and convergent to obtuse- angled hind angles, basal impressions sharply linear and lunate, without punctures ; elytral intervals more or less flattened. Prosternum horizontal and margined at apex. Length 11-12 mm., breadth 3.4 mm. Mount Mitchell and Black Mts. of North Carolina palmi Schaeffer -. Eyes quite prominent and convex; sides of prothorax arcuate in front, almost straight or very feebly sinuate and convergent to obtuse hind angles, basal impressions sharply linear and lunate in front, broadly and deeply expanded toward hind angles behind; elytral intervals convex throughout. Proster- num rounded and declivous behind, not margined. Length 12 mm., breadth 4-5 mm. Wawari, Wash., and adjacent parts of Idaho lanei Van Dyke These three species are all rare in collections. They all dwell in very wet or boggy regions. Of humidida, I now have five specimens including the type, all from the wet belt of coastal Washington and Oregon, in the true Vancouveran faunal area. This species is also the most distinct of the three. Of the second, palmi, intermediate in size between the other two, I have twenty- nine specimens, all collected by myself in the Black mountains of North Carolina, in the heart of the truei Alleghanian faunal area. This series also shows a great deal of variation as to the shape of the prothorax. The much flattened eyes and horizontal and margined prostemum will readily separate this species from the others though it superficially very much resembles the fol- lowing. Of this last species, lanei, I have only the type though I have seen others. It is the largest of the three. Feronia (Cryobius) blaisdelli Van Dyke, new species Small, narrow and elongate, gracefully formed, black and shining, antennae and legs rufous, in one specimen piceous. Head about as broad as long, as wide as apex of prothorax, front smooth, frontal grooves lunate and well impressed; mandibles prominent, porrect; eyes moderately arcuate and prominent; antennae long and delicate, extending beyond base of elytra. Prothorax as broad as long, apex feebly emarginate, sides arcuate in front, narrowed and sinuate at posterior fourth, thence straight and parallel to acute right-angled hind angles ; disk with median longitudinal line finely impressed, anterior transverse impression well defined, poste- rior evident, basal impressions lunate, linear, extending forward almost to middle, basal area somewhat rugose, hind angles broadly and obliquely flattened and gradually elevated outwardly, without well marked carinae, base feebly emarginate and without margin. Elytra elongate-elliptical, two-fifths longer than head and pro- thorax combined, humeral angles obliquely rounded, sides feebly JANUARY, 1943] VAN DYKE— CARABIDAE 25 arcuate at middle, broadly rounded and somewhat sinuate to apex; disk slightly convex, more or less flattened at middle, stria finely impressed, less well defined at sides and apex and finely soimewhat obscurely punctured. Legs long and delicate. Prosternum with broadly reflexed margin. Males with well dilated front tarsi. Length 7.5 mm., breadth 2.75 mm. Holotype, male, allotype, female (Nos. 5304 and 5305, C. A. S., Ent) and three paratypes, all collected by Dr. F. E. Blaisdell at Nome, Alaska, during July, 1900. This graceful and distinct member of the subgenus Cryobius is more like an elongated Trechus than like its relatives, though some of the species like hudsonicus Lee. resemble it somewhat but are far more robust in every regard. I have checked this species against the descriptions of Sahlberg and Poppius but cannot find any that would apply to it. Evarthrus (Ferestria) taurus Van Dyke, new species Rather small, short and robust, smooth and shining, black, femora piceous and tibiae, tarsi, antennae, and generally much of front part of head, especially clypeus, rufous. Head almost as broad as long, front smooth, frontal impressions distinct; eyes rather large, moderately convex; antennae robust, extending to posterior fourth of prothorax; mandibles robust and striate, terminal segment of labial palpi longer than preceding, the latter generally with two setae. Prothorax somewhat lunate, over one- fourth broader than long, front margin feebly emarginate, sides broadly arcuate to behind middle, thence narrowed and convergent to base, side margin absent and hind angles eliminated; disk feebly convex and shining, median longitudinal line finely im- pressed, anterior transverse impression sharply impressed, poste- rior transverse impression generally obsolete, basal impressions elongate-punctiform and deeply impressed. Elytra cordiform, hu- meral angles well rounded, sides arcuate, narrowed posteriorlj?-, oblique and slightly sinuate before apex, margin narrowly reflexed ; disk convex, striae at most finely impressed though generally more or less obsolete, the single dorsal puncture about at middle of third interval close to second stria. Beneath quite smooth. Legs rather robust, the male front tarsi feebly dilated. Prosternum sulcate behind. Length 11 mm., breadth 4 mm. Holotype, male, allotype, female (Nos. 5306 and 5307, C. A. S., Ent) and fourteen paratypes, all colleeted by myself near Punta Gorda, Florida, February 5-10, 1940. Besides these I have before me three slightly smaller and narrower specimens, two colleeted by me near Brooksville, Harnando County, Florida, January 20-30, 1940, the third in the Fenyes collection of the Aeademy, merely labeled “Fla., Bowditch.” 26 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XIX NO. 1 This bull-like species superficially resembles Evarthrus {Fere' stria) morio (Dej.) especially the smaller specimens of the former, but it can always be definitely separated by the absence of the side margin to the prothorax which is so evident in morio. It is also generally larger, the type series, and more powerfully built. Evarthrus (Ferestria) hernandensis Van Dyke, new species Rather small, short, and robust like the previously described species, smooth and shining, black, antennae, palpi and legs rufous. Head 5 mm. narrower than long, front smooth, fronto-clypeal suture fine, frontal impressions distinct; eyes rather large and convex; antennae robust, extending to posterior fourth of pro- thorax; mandibles robust, terminal segment of labial palpi longer than preceding, the latter bisetose. Prothorax transverse, almost twice as broad as long, front margin feebly emarginate, sides arcuate to behind middle, thence obliquely convergent to obtuse and somewhat rounded hind angles, side margin complete and slightly reflexed; disk feebly convex and very shining, median longitudinal line finely impressed, anterior transverse impression vague, the posterior also vague, basal impressions short, linear, moderately impressed. Elytra elongate, cor diform, humeral angles well rounded, sides feebly arcuate, almost' straight at middle, gradually narrowed behind and sinuate before apex, the side mar- gin narrowly reflexed; disk convex with six deeply impressed, finely punctured striae, obliterated toward apex, intervals quite convex, the single elytral fovea slightly behind middle on third interval. Beneath smooth and shining. Legs fairly robust, anterior male tarsi feebly dilated as in the former species and its close relatives. Prosternum sulcate behind. Length 11 mm., breadth 3.75 mm. Holotype, male, and allotype, female (Nos. 5308 and 5309, C. A. S., Ent.), collected by myself, near Brooksville, Hernando County, Florida, January 20-30, 1940. This species is in size and shape much like the preceding species but is readily separated by possessing a margin to the prothorax and having deeply striate elytra. It also somewhat suggests the larger specimens of Feronia {Gastrosticta) tume- scens (Lee.) because of its stocky form and deeply striate elytra. Evarthrus (Anaferonia) constrictus ovipennis Le Conte In the Biologia Centrali- American, H. W. Bates describes one species of Evarthrus as constrictus and Csiki, in the Coleopter- orum Catalogus, changes the name to ^‘^Batesellus” as the name constrictus had been previously used by Say. Csiki placed the species in the subgenus Cyclotrachelus where it no doubt be- JANUARY, 1943] VAN DYKE— CARABIDAE 27 longs. I have a series of seven specimens of another species, from Mexico, collected at 9,300 feet, near El Salto, Durango, by M. A. Embury. These specimens cannot be separated from speci- mens of ovipennis Lee., collected in various places in the moun- tains of New Mexico. It is, of course, nothing but a smooth variety or subspecies at the most of the true constrictus Say now placed in the subgenus Anaferonia. In this connection, I wish to state that 1 believe all of the Feronians in this country with a single dorsal elytral fovea should be included in the single genus Evarthrus Lee. That would in- clude Anaferonia Csy., Cycloirachelus Chd., Eumolops Csy. and Ferestria Leng as subgenera. Megasteropus gigas Csy. is a syn- onym of Eumolops heros (Say). The labial palpal characters are not always reliable because they are variable, and the variations in general shape upon which many of the so-called genera have been founded are not fundamental, merely divergencies. Evar- thrus, as first conceived by Le Conte, is a genus whose species other than having the single elytral fovea, all have a common facies which unites them. Its main center of distribution is in the southeastern part of the United States and it is undoubtedly a genus of American origin. It is a definite unit, even though at times hard to properly define, and stands well apart from all other Feronians in America. I also most certainly do not agree with Csiki, the European cataloguer, in placing it as a subgenus or series of subgenera under Pterostichus Bon. or more properly Feronia Latr. Amara (Cyrtonotus) durangensis Van Dyke, new species Of moderate size, elongate, moderately convex, smooth and shining, black to piceous or brown, antennae, palpi and legs lighter, piceous to rufous. Head five-sevenths as wide as prothorax, smooth, frontal impressions rather deep, eyes quite prominent, antennae reaching behind base of prothorax. Prothorax about one- fourth wider than long, base definitely wider than apex, apex emarginate, margined toward sides, sides arcuate in front, sinuate and narrowed slightly in front of base to right-angled hind angles, base feebly arcuate; disk smooth with median longitudinal line finely impressed, anterior transverse impression absent or vague at the most and apical area without punctures, basal area gener- ally with a limited number of punctures, mostly confined to basal impressions which are well impressed, distinctly bifoveate, and with a moderately acute carina as their outer boundary. Elytra somewhat elliptical, more than three-sevenths longer than broad, considerably narrowed basally, basal angles well rounded, sides arcuate, broadly rounded and sinuate before apex; disk with striae 28 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XIX, NO. 1 complete, finely impressed and generally finely, vaguely punctured though often impunctate. Middle tibiae with two well marked spines. Length 11 mm., breadth 4 mmi. Holotype, male, allotype, female (Nos. 5310 and 5311, C. A. S., Ent.) and numerous designated paratypes from a series of forty-four specimens in my collection, collected at Juan Man- uel, El Salto, Durango, Mexico, alt. 9,300 feet, by M. A. Embury. H. W. Bates, in the Biologia Centrali- Americana, mentions two species of the subgenus Cyrtonotus as being found in Mexico: putzeysi Bates and deparcus (Say). The former, of which I have a specimen before me (Koebele Coll.), is much larger in every regard, besides is distinctly punctured over the apical por- tion of the pronotum, has the elytral striae distinctly punctured, the intervals much broader and flatter and the elytra at base somewhat square shouldered. Say states that deparcus has the pronotum “deeply punctured” in front as well as behind and that the elytral striae are obsolete before the tip, neither of which conditions fits this species. This species also differs considerably from any of the species found north of the Mexican boundary. A striking feature of durangensis is not alone its general smooth- ness and reduced punctuation, but its somewhat elliptical after- body which is due to the evident atrophy of certain structures near the base. As indicated in the description given above, there is considerable variation among the specimens of the series which I possess, Agra aethiops Van Dyke, new species Rather large, jet black and shining throughout. Head about one-fourth longer than broad across eyes, postocular area feebly narrowed and broadly rounded befo're constricted neck, front smooth and shining, frontal impressions deeply impressed; anten- nae reaching beyond base of elytra; eyes prominent. Prothorax one-third longer than broad, narrowed and parallel-sided at apex, feebly arcuate and gradually wider to posterior third, thence sinu- ate and narrowed to base; disk feebly convex, smooth and shining, median longitudinal line finely impressed, area on either side finely, transversely wrinkled, a few small punctures in a row on sides and marginal groove rather deep and somewhat coarsely, irregularly punctured. Elytra less than twice as long as broad, humeral angles prominent, base margined, sides sinuate, gradually wider to poste- rior fourth, apex obliquely truncate with sutural angle acute and an acute spine at outer angle; disk with all striae complete, well impressed and finely, closely punctured, intervals at middle twice as broad as striae, narrowed laterally, third, fifth and seventh with a limited number of small foveate punctures generally along their inner margin. Beneath smooth and shining, a few punctures JANUARY, 1943] VAN DYKE— CARABIDAE 29 on metaepi sterna and abdominal sclerites, feebly aciculate at sides and near hind margins. Median lobe of prementum not greatly prolonged and rounded apically. Legs long and slender, anterior tarsi of males broadly dilated, 2-4 transverse, the fourth deeply bilobed as usual. Length 22 mm., breadth 5.5 mm. Holotype, male (No. 5312, C. A. S., Ent.) and four para- types, all collected at Venedio, Sinaloa, Mexico, July 16-30, 1918, by J. August Kusche. This species is apparently near Agra eiirypelma Bates but differs by being entirely of an, inky black color, antennae and legs included by having the postocular part of the head broadly rounded, slightly narrowed posteriorly, not “gradatim angu- stato” and the pronotum not grossly punctate. It does not appear to agree with any of the other known species of the genus. Stenomorphus rossi Van Dyke, new species Very elongate, narrow, considerably flattened above, dark rufous, legs rufotestaceous. Head narrow and long, 2.5 mm. broad, 3 mm. long, neck long, 1 mm., and cylindrical, eyes moderately convex and prominent, antennae delicate, reaching to posterior quarter of prothorax, upper surface of head smooth and shining behind, sparsely punctured in front, especially on clypeus, labrum finely punctured and alutaceous. Prothorax long and elliptical, length 5.5 mm., breadth 2.5 mm. at apex, 3.5 mm. at middle and 2.25 mm. at base. Sides evenly arcuate from apex to posterior third, thence narrowed and feebly sinuate to base; disk much flattened, shining, median longitudinal line finely, not sharply im- pressed, anterior transverse impression obliterated, basal impres- sions well impressed. Elytra 8 mm. long, 4 mm. broad slightly behind the transverse base, thence gradually narrowing to poste- rior fourth and arcuate and feebly sinuate to apex; disk feebly convex, somewhat less flattened than pronotum, striae well im- pressed, intervals feebly flattened. Legs long and delicate. Male. Front femora subangulate below near apex, middle femora with distinct rectangular and acute tooth below near apex, middle tibia feebly arcuate and densely pubescent from beyond middle to apex on inner side, first segment of anterior tarsus feebly dilated. Female. Similar in general to male except slightly shorter and with prothorax a bit broader proportionately at base. Length 16 mm, breadth 4 mm. Holotype, male, and allotype, female (Nos. 5313 and 5314, C. A. S., Ent.), collected near the railroad station at Chiricahua, Arizona, August 11, 1940, by Dr. E. S. Ross. This species is proportionately the most elongate and deli- cately formed species; that we have in our fauna. At first glance 30 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yoL. XIX, NO. 1 it somewhat suggests manni Dari, from Haiti. Its small and long head, especially long neck, and elongate-elliptical and much flat- tened prothorax will readily separate it from any of our other species. It is less robust than convexior\ Notm., californicus, Men. or penicillatus Dari. Its middle tibiae are suggestive of sinaloe Dari, as shown by Darlington’s plate (Pan-Pacif. Ent., XII, p. 42, 1936), but its prothorax is very different. The first segment of front tarsus in the male is also much less dilated than is the case in our other species. Pseudomorpha parallela Van Dyke, new species Rather small, narrow, elongate, subcylindrical, with parallel sides, rufopiceous and alutaceous. Head more than two-thirds as wide as prothorax, smooth, with a very few, minute punctures, chiefly a row across vertex, preocular lobes not prominent. Pro- thorax transverse, three-fifths as long as broad, as broad as elytra, moderately convex, with a few minute punctures at sides, apex bisinuate and finely margined, base transverse, sides straight and parallel behind, forming a continuous line with sides of elytra, arcuate and feebly convergent to apex in front, lateral margin finely reflexed. Elytra 4 mm. long by 2.5 mm. wide, with straight and parallel sides, finely margined, apex truncate, outer angles well rounded, the sutural narrowly rounded, disk with seven rows of coarse punctures, obsolete at base, each row with a limited number of punctures and each bearing an erect fulvous hair. Third and fourth ventrals with a small, transverse patch of short, golden pile at middle. Length 6.5 mm., breadth 2.5 mm. Holotype (No. 5315, C. A. S., Ent.), a unique male, collected by Dr. F. E. Blaisdell at Warners, San Diego County, California, July 13, 1925. This small, cylindrical species, would run close to cylindrica Csy. and angustata Horti in Notman’s Key (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 67, Art. 14, No. 2586, pp. 14-15), but it is consider- ably smaller than either, finely alutaceous, not smooth, and dif- ferent as regards the punctation. JANUARY, 1943] POTTS— ACRAEINAE 31 SYSTEMATIC NOTES CONCERNING AMERICAN ACRAEINAE (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) BY ROBERT W. L. POTTS University of California, Berkeley All members of the subfamily Acraeinae have heretofore been placed in a single genus, Actinote. Within this genus there is a marked natural division into two well-defined groups. Dr. K. Jordan (in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. ) and others have noted this, but without according the groups a status above the section. It now appears that they merit generic standing. Actinote Hiibner, s. str. Forewing- underneath between costal and subcostal veins not entirely scaled, but bearing bristles, at least in distal portion. Usually without a central row of bristles on disco-cellular fold of hindwing. Lowland tropics. Type species: Papilio (Heliconius) thalia Linnaeus. Altinote Potts, new genus Forewing underneath scaled between costal and subcostal veins in distal portion, not normally bearing bristles; hindwing be- neath always with a central row of bristles on disco-cellular fold. Mountainous tropics. Type species: Heliconius neleus Latreille. In general Altinote may be distinguished from Actinote by color pattern and distribution. Actinote contains only species with patterns on both wings, being normally more or less trans- parent and thinly scaled, yellowish or whitish in tone with dull or rarely dark markings. Altinote normally show patterns on the forewing or underside only, these being bright red, orange, yel- low or white against a consistently dark ground often showing irridescence, only a few species exhibiting any hindwing pat- tern and only one becoming dull; all being rather densely scaled. The Altinote are typically confined to the Andes and its outriders, while the Actinote center in the Amazon basin and are commonest near tidewater, although there is a considerable overlapping. Within the genus Altinote two sections, herewith raised to the status of subgenera, may be recognized: Subgenus Abananote Potts, n. subg. Hind wing: underneath with long- scattered bristles between the veins in the discal cell, above and below it, and usiually also on disc. 32 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yoL. XIX, NO. 1 Type species: Acraea abana Hewitson. Subgenus Ajltinote, s. str. Hindwing underneath without scattered bristles in the discal cell, above it, or on disc; rarely with a few scattered bristles below cell not on reduced postcubital vein. Type species: Heliconius neleus Latreille. The subgenus Ahananote contains the species radiata, erinome, abana, hylonome and euryleuca. In general the pattern of these is confined to the disco-apical portion of the forewing, occa- sionally extended inwardly toward the base. The subgenus Alti- note, containing the numerous remaining species, has the pattern characteristically basal, often with an apical band in addition. Underneath, the striping of Abanote is normally strong and even, whereas in Altinote it is irregular, parti-colored, and in bands or areas. Altinote (Altinote) brownorum Potts, new species Male black and red-orange, belonging to eresia-group. Fore- wing with red-orange transverse band of elongate spots, nearly straight; dark discal band much widened inwardly becoming tri- angular, reaching almost to base posteriorly, leaving only basal half of discal cell and subcostal cell colored, with colored basal spot in costal cell and some color below discal cell. Hindwing with curved color band mostly outside discal cell, halfmoon shaped across disc, extending basally at inner and costal margins, distally notched at veins and intervenal stripes ; red-orange at end of discal cell fading to orange, yellow and finally whitish at both margins. Underneath similar to eresia, except that forewing repeats dark discal band reduced, a widel transverse colored band being formed, narrowly margined white distally; ground darker, thus stripings and limules, as well as white discal band of hindwing much more prominent. Forewing, 24.0 mm. Female very similar; ground color somewhat duller, red-orange not so bright. Underneath a tendency to white in costo-basal por- tion of dark area within white discal band. Forewing, 28.0 mm. Holotype S and allotype 9 taken in copula, YuNGUlLLA, 1700 M, Ecuador, with 2 S paratypes, one from Yunguilla, one from Rio Blanco, 1700 M, Ecuador, collected in May by E. Mar- tin and Hazel Brown for whom the author wishes to express his sincere admiration with this dedieation. In addition one 9 para- type from Banos, 1800 M, Ecuador, also collected in May by Clarke McIntyre. All in the author’s, collection. Variation in the paratypes illustrates a tendency for the dis- tinctive dark discal band of the fore wing to become larger, while the color pattern of the hindwing tends toward reduction, and may become partially obscured. JAJVUARY, 1943 ] OMAN— NEW LEAFHOPPER 33 A NEW LEAFHOPPER FROM OCEANIA (Homoptera Cicadellidae) BY P. W. OMAN Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine United States Department of Agriculture Washington, D. C. The abundant material upon which the following description isi based was received for determination from C. E. Pemberton of the Experiment Station of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ As- sociation and from Norman W. Frazier of the University of California. Few insects are known to occur on Canton Island, and this is said to be the only representative of the Cicadellidae thus far established there. According to Dr. Pemberton the species has also been collected in Fiji, but material from that locality has not been available for examination. Nesaloha Oman, new genus Rather small, relatively robust leafhoppers resembling Delto- cepkalus Burmeister in general appearance but forewing with inner anteapical cell open basally and claval veins confluent on disk of clavus. Head slightly wider than pronotum, anterior margin rounded; lateral margins of genae slightly sinuated; clypellug parallel- sided; crown convex, but little longer medially than next the eye; ocellus comparatively large, distant from the eye, about its own diameter. Lateral margins of pronotum short. Forewing short, barely reaching tip of abdomen, clavus with veins confluent on disk and with a cross-vein to claval suture basad of juncture of veins, inner anteapical cell open basally, central anteapical cell constricted but not divided, appendix' comparatively large. Hind wing with four apical cells. Aedeagus and ejaculatory duct of male bifurcate. Type of the genus: Nesaloha cantonis Oman, new species. Nesaloha cantonis Olnan, new species Length of male 2.5 mm., of female 3 mm. Ground color yellow- ish white, intensity of markings extremely variable, ranging from pale brownish yellow to fuscous. Color pattern as follows: facial sutures, antennal pits, arcs on clypeus, a pair of large indefinite spots on crown each with an anterior extension bordering an apical white spot and a lateral extension behind the ocellus, a small spot on posterior margin of crown near each eye; an arc of sub-basal spots on pronotum; irregular and indefinite lines on disk of pro- ^|i|^ti]|^j^b^g^il^triangl^s, a pair of discal spots, and a quadrangle 600 OCEAN AVE., S.F, 34 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yoL. XIX, NO 1 with base formed by transverse suture on scutellum. Forewing usually with irregular brown lines in cells and along veins, espe^ cially distally. Thoracic venter usually brown. Abdominal tergites usually brown to fuscous, abdominal sternites usually margined with brown. Legs pale or lightly banded with brown. Sternite VII of female about one and one-half times as long as sternite VI, posterior margin slightly produced and rounded or faintly sinuate and with a very shallow, flaring, median incision. Male plates broad basally, tapering abruptly to form rather long, slender, digitate extensions. Pygofer with a triangular sclerotized process dorsally. Style, aedeagus, and connective as illustrated. Fig. 1. A, Dorsal view of style, connective and aedeagus. B, Lat- eral view of aedeagus. Nymphs of the usual deltocephaloid type, apex of head sub- angular; later stages with face brown or fuscous except laterally, head, thorax, and abdomen rather heavily marked with brown and occasionally partially or wholly suffused with red; early stages without markings. Holotype male, allotype female, and numerous paratypes from Canton Island, August 1, 1940, collected from the foliage of Boerhaavm diffusa L. by R. H. Van Zwaluwenburg. Other para- types from the same locality collected from Boerhaavia tetranda Forst., August 26, 1940, by R. Danner. Types} in the collection of the U. S. National Museum, paratypes in the collection of the Experiment Station of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Asso- ciation, the California Academy of Sciences, and the Bernice P. Bishop Museum. JANUARY, 1943 ] PACIFIC COAST ENT. SOCIETY 35 PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY H. H. Keifer V ice-President H. M. Armitage President E. G. Linsley Secretary Proceedings One Hundred and Seventy-second Meeting. The one hundred and seventy- second meeting of the Pacific Coast Entomological Society was held at 2 p.m, on January 24, 1942, in the entomological laboratories of the California Academy of Sciences. President Armitage in the chair. The following mem- bers were present: H. M. Armitage, E. G. Linsley, H. L. McKenS:ie, E. R. Leach, E. S. Ross, A. E. Michelbacher, E. 0. Essig, W. W. Sampson, H. P. Chandler, R. C. Miller, E. C. Zimmerman, C. D. Duncan, E. C. Van Dyke. Visitors were present as follows: Gordon F. Smith, B. Prendergast. The minutes of the previous meeting were read and approved. The membership committee proposed Mr. G. F. Smith, Mr. E. Jones and Mr. T. Aarons for membership. They were duly elected. The president then called for a report from the committee on nomenclature. Dr. Linsley reported that the plan submitted by the Pacific Coast Entomological Society for the formation of an Ameri- can Committee on Scientific Nomenclature in Entomology had been accepted by the Entomological Society of America and the Ameri- can Association of Economic Entomologists and that such a com- mittee was now in the process of formation. Dr. Ross moved that the Society’s committee on nomenclature (G. F. Ferris, chairman; E. G. Linsley, R. L. Usinger) be made permanent in order that it might co-operate with the national committee. The motion was seconded and passed. The president announced that the annual spring field trip was near at hand and appointed a committee consisting of C. D. Dun- can, A. E. Michelbacher, and R. F. Smith to determine the date and place of the) trip and report to the Society at its next meeting. Mr. E. C. Zimmerman, Entomologist of the Bishop Museum in Honolulu, spoke of his recent sojourn on the mainland. He stated that he had visited most of the museums and entomological insti- tutions in the country in search of data for a forthcoming work on the “Insects of Hawaii” as well as to study museum methods. Dr. Ross exhibited a portion of the Riddel collection of Zerene butterflies. Of particular interest were a gjmandromorph and un- usually fine series of color variations in Z. ewrydice Bdv., commonly known as the dog-face or flying pansy butterfly. The President presented Mr. Howard L. McKenzie who gave an illustrated talk on the “Biology, Systematics and Economic Im- portance of some species of MatsucoccusJ' 36 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yoL. XIX, NO. 1 Mr. McKenzie stated that fourteen species of Matsucoccus have been described to date, and of this number thirteen occur on vari- ous species of Finns in the New World. Many yet remain to be described. Seasonal history records of several species of Matsucoccus in- dicate that there is a motile adult female and a winged male emerging in early spring from an over- wintering, intermediate, or preadulti stage larva. After copulation the adult females either settle on the stems, in needle fascicles, in deep bark crevices on the main bole of mature trees, or under the bark scales on the stems of twigs, where they secrete wax and lay eggs. The first stage larvae transform during midsummer into an apodous, inter- mediate, or preadult stage, in which no trace of legs or antennae is evident. They overwinter in this stage and thus require a year to complete their life cycle. Field experiments have proven that the so-called “twig blight” in various forests in Arizona and New Mexico is caused by the margarodid, Matsucoccus vexillorum Morrison. The larvae of this scale insect produce a necrotic condition on the stems of branches which ultimately becomes infiltrated with resin. This resined lesion is ref^ponsible for final death of the infested branch. In California Matsucoccus bisetosus Morrison appears to play a major role as a weakener of mature ponderosa and Jeffrey pine. The larvae of this scale apparently prefer to settle in the axils of twigs, altfhough many are also found under the bark scales on the stems. Infestations in twig axils causes a necrosis, and finally a resined condition of the cortical tissue. Girdling lesions are ulti- mately produced and these appear to cause death to the twig. After a discussion of Mr. McKenzie’s paper, the meeting was adjourned. — E. G. LiNaa:jBY, Secretary. One Hundred and Seventy-third Meeting. The one hundred and seventy-third meeting of the Pacific Coast Entomological Society was held at 2:15 p.m. on Saturday, Feb- ruary 28, 1942, in the entomological laboratories of the California Academy of Sciences. Professor G. F. Ferris in the chair. The following members were present: G. F. Ferris, E'. G. Linsley, E. S. Ross, W. W. Sampson, R. L. Usinger, E. C. Van Dyke, A. C. Smith, J. W. Johnson, E. A. Smith, C. D. Michener, W. Y. Chong, C. B. Eaton, D. DeLeon, A. P. McKinstry, E. R. Leach, R. C. Miller, C. D. Duncan, J. W. Tilden. Visitors were present as follows: J. R. Walker, John T. Medler, Mary H. Michener. The membership committee proposed the name of Mr. John R. Walker. He was duly elected to membership. Upon the recommendation of the program committee it was moved, seconded and passed that during the present emergency our meeting frequency be limited to four regular meetings (Sep- tember, November, January, and March) and one annual field trip each year. The date of the 1942: field trip was set for April 26. Dr. Van Dyke proposed the compiling of a list of classical col- JANUARY, 1943 ] pacific COAST ENT. SOCIETY 37 lecting" localities on the Pacific Coast of North Amercia. Consider- able discussion followed, all favorable to the sugg'estion. Dr. Usinger exhibited specimens of the remarkable heterop- terous family Termitaphididae, which are related to Aradidae but have been confused with Homoptera. He mentioned that they are listed as aphids in Patch’s host list of world aphididae. The present examples were received from Adamson in Trinidad, where they live with Heterotermes tenuis, the only known host out of approxi- mately 150 species occurring on the island. Dr. Usinger also men- tioned that he and Dr. Linsley had repeatedly found the aradid, Mezira reducta Van D., in nests of Zootermopsis in California. Dr. Ross exhibited a painting of H. H. Behr, former curator of insects at the Academy (approx. 1867-1877). Dr. DeLeon remarked that he was compiling a list of insects attacking Sequoia. He mentioned that he had been unable to find authentic records of V espamina sequoiae H. Edw. Professor Ferris reviewed the recent movement for an Ameri- can Commission on Scientific Nomenclature in Entomology. He read the proposal of the Pacific Coast Entomological Society which had been accepted by the Entomological Society of America and the American Association of Economic Entomologists. He stated that the commission had now been formed and would be ready soon to receive questions. He commented that among the problems which had been suggested by various system atists were the ques- tions of priority in names of higher categories, primary and sec- ondary homonyms, and misidentified genotypes. In connection with the last problem he read a recent article by Riley (1941) on the subject. Dr. Miller discussed the subject of types: He stated that the California Academy of Sciences now had 10,933 primary types, of which 8,935 were holotypes, 3,5216 of insects. The types have re- cently been moved to a safer place for the duration, can be moved again if necessary at a moment’s notice. He emphasized the ad- visability of depositing types in an institution, remarking that the International Rules recommend that types be deposited in a mu- seum and given a type number. — E. G. Linsley, Secretary. One Hundred and Seventy-fourth Meeting. The one hundred and seventy-fourth meeting of the Pacific Coast Entomological Society was the annual field trip held at Russelman Park, Contra Costa County, California, April 26, 1942. The following members were present: H. M. Armitage, E. G. Lins- ley, A. E. Michelbacher, W. F. Barr, J. W. Tilden, C. D. Duncan, J. W. MacSwain, E. C. Van Dyke, T. F. Kelley, G. F. Smith, H. P. Chandler, K. S. Hagen. Visitors were present as follows: Mrs. A. E. Michelbacher, Mrs. E. G. Linsley, Mrs. C. D. Duncan, Mr. Ellsworth Hagen, Mr. Donald de Coss, Mr. Jack Corbett, Mr. Harold Madres, Miss Catherine Reed, Mr. W. E. Ferguson, Miss Doris Dow, and Miss Maxine White. The group assembled at the picnic grounds at 10 :00 a.m. and 38 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yoL. XIX, NO. 1 spent the day collecting" or visiting. Flowers were abundant and collecting of Hymenoptera and Diptera was especially profitable. — E. G. LinsIaEIY, Secretary. One Hundred and Seventy-fifth Meeting. The one hundred and seventy-fifth meeting of the Pacific Coast Entomological Society was held at 2 :30 p.m. on September 5, 1942, in the entomological laboratories of the California Academy of Sciences. Vice-president Keifer in the chair. The following mem- bers were present: H. H. Keifer, E. G. Linsley, R. W. L. Potts, A. J. Walz, K. S. Hagen, G. F. Smith, E. C. Van Dyke, G. F. Ferris, R. L. Usinger, R. C. Miller, P. A. Harvey. Visitors were present as follows: C. E. Kennett, T. F. Evernden, C. Golden, B. E. Sagal, D. L, Dow, P. Moorhead, W. R. Cobb, E. Goldsworthy, W. Allen, W. F. Chamberlain, and B. Prendergast. The membership committee proposed the name of Mr. Peter Moorhead. He was duly elected. The chairman announced that the next meeting would be de- voted to the annual address of the retiring president and to the election of officers for the coming year. He appointed a nominating committee consisting of C. D. Duncan, P. C. Ting, and R. L. Usinger, chairman. The chairman called on Professor Ferris to report on the progress of the American Commission for Scientific Nomenclature in Entomology. Professor Ferris reported that 14 acceptances had been received to invitations to serve on the Commission, that public notices of the organization of the Commission had been sent to Science and the various American entomological journals, and that several problems had already been submitted for considera- tion. He stated that probably the first question which would be considered was that of primary and secondary homonyns. Dr. Van Dyke reported on his recent trip through the‘ south- western United States in the company of H. A. Scullen. He stated that they had gone to northern Arizona in early June and although collecting was moderately good around Prescott, that the region in general was the driest it had been in 40' years. They proceeded through New Mexico to the Davis Mountains, Texas, an isolated uplift with good roads and an interesting fauna. This region had first been fairly well collected by Wenzel, more recently by Knull. Among the interesting captures was a long series of Flusiotus woodi Horn, a brilliant scarab which flies at dusk and in the early morning, resting during the day on foliage of walnut. From the Davis Mountains they went to Alpine, then south to the Big Bend Country and Chisos Mountains, returning through New Mexico to southern Arizona. In the Chiricahua Mountains, large congrega- tions of a meloid, Epicauta pcurdalis Lee., were found. Mrs. Prendergast spoke of her work with Blissus mixtus Barber which breeds in th© sand dune areas of San Francisco. She said that in spite of difficulties in rearing she had now worked out the various developmental stages. JANUARY, 1943] PACIFIC COAST ENT. SOCIETY 39 Mr. Hagen mentioned recent collecting trips into southern Cali- fornia. He particularly called attention to the success of night beating in desert areas, suggesting that desert insects are active at night in order to avoid birds. He stated that by this method he had collected six new species of Coenonycha. Dr. Linsley spoke of the work of the University of California summer course in Entomology at Miami Forest Insect Station of the Division of Forest Insects, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, near Fish Camp, Madera County, California. He mentioned particularly finding the remains of hundreds of males of Pleocoma hoppingi Fall in coyote feces under conditions sug- gesting that this species has a spring rather than a fall flight period. Of particular interest also was the finding of the phycitid moth, Vitula serratilineella Rag., breeding in the nests of Xylocopa orpifex Smith and X. calif omica Cresson along with the tenebri- onid, Aphanotus brevicornis (iLec.), a species of Cryptophagus and dermestids of the genera Attagenus and Trogoderma. All of these belong to groups of insects which are household or stored food products pests. Mr. Moorhead spoke of the extermination of Ceanothus, impor- tant for browsing cattle, in many parts of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, by the oyster shell scale, Lepidosaphes vlmi (Linn.). Dr. Linsley commented that the same insect had killed large areas of Ceanothus, Salix, Populiis, and even Ribes in Madera County and had practically exterminated a beautiful grove of aspen at Miguel Meadows in Yosemite National Park. Dr. Usinger and . Miss Sagal both commented further on the latter infestation, tracing its history over a period of years. Mr. Keifer spoke of the increasing importance of the grape leaf skeletonizer, Harrisiana brillians B. & McD. Originally described from Yuma, California, in 1910, it belongs to a Neotropical group of about 46 species (7 in United States) all of which breed on grape or its relatives (Vitaceae). Little is known of the extent of the distribution of the species. It has been known in San Diego County about two years. Dr. Usinger stated that the mystery as to wheretthe black grass bugs (Irbisia) breed may have been solved. He has found that they apparently imbed their eggs in the stalks of Artemesia -vul- garis, where they overwinter. Professor Ferris stated that the first part of his Atlas of Scale Insects, covering the family Diaspididae, was complete and that he was now planning to undertake a study of the Pseudococ- cidae. He stated thta he had approximately 175 specific names to consider in the United States alone and about 75 generic names. The meeting adjourned at 4:35 p.m. — E. G. Linsley, Secretary. One Hundred and Seventy-sixth Meeting. The one hundred and seventy-sixth meeting of the Pacific Coast Entomological Society was held at 2 :30 p.m. on December 5, 1942, in the entomological laboratories of the California Academy of 40 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XIX, NO. 1 Sciences. President Armitage in the chair. The following mem- bers were present: H. M. Armitage, E. G. Linsley, M. A. Stewart, R. L. Usinger, T. Aarons, K. S. Hagen, E. 0. Essig, H. H. Keifer, E. C. Van Dyke, W. W. Sampson, P. Moorhead, R. W. L. Potts. Visitors were present as follows: Pedro Galindo, Ellsworth Hagen, Lloyd Fowler, Loren Estabrook, and Alvesta Myers. President Armitage issued a statement on the present status of the Society, calling attention to the fact that of approximately one hundred, active members, twenty-one were now known to be serv- ing in the armed forces of the United States. A list of the men so serving was read to the Society. Dr. Van Dyke regretfully called the attention of the Society to the death of R. W. Doane, a long-time member. It was moved, seconded and passed that the secretary write a letter of condolence to Mrs. Doane on behalf of the Society. Dr. Usinger reported receiving a recent letter from Lieutenant E. S. Ross, stationed in Texas, and exhibited the first few pages of an Atlas of Mosquitoes which Ross is now preparing. Usinger also exhibited specimens of Metrohates trux Bueno?, a relative of Halo- bates, which lives in swift running streams. The specimens were found in Putah Creek, near Davis, and constitute the first Cali- fornia record for the genus. Mr. Keifer called attention to the series of articles on problems of Entomological Systematics in the most recent number of the Journal of Economic Entomology. He interpreted the series of articles and the amount of space devoted to them in the Journal, as an indication of increased interest on the part of applied en- tomologists in the problems of the systematist. Mr. Keifer also' spoke of the recent discovery of the oriental fruit moth, Graphtholitha molesta (Busck), in Orange County, California. Mr. Armitage commented that this was a good ex- ample of the role of the taxonomist in economic work and pointed out how much relied upon proper identification in problems of this type. The nominating committee announced with regret the resigna- tion of Mr. E. R. Leach who had served the Society as treasurer for a long time and at great personal sacrifice. The following names were proposed as officers for the coming year : H. H. Keifer, president; M. A. Stewart, vice-president; E. G. Linsley, secretary; R. C. Miller, treasurer; H. M. Armitage, member at large. Board of Directors. They were unanimously elected. Mr. Armitage then turned the gavel over to the new president, Mr. Keifer. Mr. Keifer presented the new officers and then pre- sided during the annual address of the retiring president entitled, “Possible economic relations of the Hawaiian insect fauna to Cali- fornia agriculture,” (seei p. 1). — E. G. Linsley, Secretary. REVISTA DE ENTOMOLOGIA An International Review oi Entomology An illustrated magazine published four times a year by THOMAZ BORGMEIERf O.F.M.. devoted to entomology, mainly of the neo- tropical fauna. The volumes already published since 1931 comprise thousands of pages and contain articles by leading entomologists such as F. W. Edwards, W. Horn, E. Lindner, J. W. S. Macfie, E. Martini, A. da Costa Lima, F. Silvestri, C. Menozzi, A. Reichensperger, F. Santschi, J. D. Hood, etc., with a bibliography of the current literature (economic and non-economic) of the neotropical fauna. Annual subscription $4.00 U. S. ($5.00 U. S. through booksellers). All payments are in advance. The back volumes are still on sale; price of each volume 4 U. S. dollars; through booksellers 5 U. S. dollars. Subscriptions should be sent to the Editor: Thomaz Borgmeier, O.F.M., Convento 3. Antonio, Largo da Carioca, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. ARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA A large collection of Arctic Lepidoptera, especially Erebia, Oeneis, and Noctuidae, has been accumulated. Collectors who desire such material please communicate with me as follows: R. J. Fitch, Lloydminster. Saskatchewan, Canada. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS An illustrated magaeine, published monthly — except August and September — devoted to the study of INSECT LIFE. It contains a list of the titles of the current Literature on American Entomology, articles by the leading authorities in the United States and Canada. It is a nec- essary journal of reference for working entomologists, and contains valu- able information for economic and systematic students. Annual subscription price $3.00. Foreign (except Canadian $3.15) subscriptions $3.30. Single copies 35 cents. Address ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, 1000 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 600 OCEKN ME., S. j . iili' . » a -k^.'i.. W'i jp." . •.•-.'Ti '%«.: . ji'. k ' "a,,. • J--.’^~-'' ■ j ) ;_j ■ h 'y>: ' i . Vol. XIX April, 1943 No. 2 THE Pan-Pacific Entomologist Published by the Pacific Coast Entomological Society in co-operation with The California Academy of Sciences CONTENTS VAN DYKE, NEW SPECIES OF WEST AMERICAN COLEOPTERA 41 MALKIN, ZUPHIUM AMERICANUM DEJ. IN OREGON 62 KNIGHT, FIVE NEW DICYPHUS AND ONE NEW CYRTOPELTIS 63 PRENDERGAST, OBSERVATIONS ON BLISSUS MIXTUS 69 USINGER, TYPES OF ARADIDAE 60 LEECH, BEROSUS EXILIS LECONTE A HEMIOSUS 61 FENDER, STUDIES IN THE CANTHARIDAE 63 PRATT, INSECT ENEMIES OF POLYPHYLLA CRINITA LEC 69 COMPERE, A NEW METAPHYCUS PARASITIC ON PSYLLIDS 71 MICHELBACHER, WINTER HOST OF TOMATO MITE 73 MALKIN, RECORDS OF OREGON CHRYSOMELIDAE 74 USINGER, NEW NAME FOR A NEW ZEALAND ARADID 74 LINSLEY AND MICHENER, COLEOPTERA FROM MT. LASSEN 76 BOOK REVIEWS 62 , 69 San Francisco, California 1943 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST EDITORIAL BOARD E. C. Van Dyke E, G. Linsley R. C. Miller Associate Editor Editor Treasurer R. L. UsiNCER* G. F. Ferris E. S. Ross* * On military leave Published quarterly in January, April, July, and October with Society Proceedings appearing in the January number. Papers on the systematic and biological phases of entomology are favored, including articles up to ten printed pages on insect taxonomy, morphology, life history, and distribution. Manuscripts for publication, proof, and all editorial matters should be addressed to the editor, E. G. Linsley, 112 Agriculture Hall, Uni- versity of California, Berkeley, California. All communications regard- ing non-receipt of numbers, changes of address, requests for sample copies, and all financial communications should be addressed to the treasurer, R. C. Miller, at the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California. At least twenty-five “author’s extras” will be supplied free of charge. Additional copies will be reprinted at cost of publication, if a request is received when proof is returned. Domestic and foreign subscriptions 12.50 per year in advance. Price for single copies 75 cents. Make checks payable to “Pan-Pacific Ento- mologist.” INSECT BOXES Standard size black insect box with sides of box and cover made of 1 / 4 " redwood. The top, bottom and shoulders are of heavy cardboard. Inside dimensions: I2^x8^x2% inches. Prices: 60 cents each. Lots of one dozen, 50 cents each. With Masonite bottom, 15 cents extra. With glass top, 50 cents extra. Prices for larger quantities on request. Unit boxes also manufactured Prices on application RAISIN AND THIEBAUT BROS., LTD. 346 First Street, San Francisco, Calif. Entered as second class matter, February 10, 1925, at the postoffice at San Francisco, California, under Act of August 24, 1912. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist Vol. XIX, No. 2 April, 1943 NEW SPECIES OF WEST AMERICAN COLEOPTERA BY EDWIN C. VAN DYKE Calif ornia Academy of Sciences This paper contains the descriptions of a number of new species of Coleoptera which have been acquired by the Cali- fornia Academy of Sciences, during the last few years, together with comments on other species. Family Cleridae Trichodes basalis Van Dyke, new species Rather small and narrow; head, prothorax, base of elytra and ICgis clothed with long, stiff hairs as usual in the genus, the poster- rior portion of elytra with denser, shorter, semi-erect hairs, and the abdomen sparsely clothed with more or less recumbent pile; the greater part of head, prothorax and scutellum a metallic green, the elytra yellow at base, with a moderately narrow, transverse yellow bar at center, and oblique yellow stripes, diverging back- wards and outwards and not quite meeting at suture, half way between median transverse band and apex, elsewhere a deep blue, the bluish patches in front and behind the median yellow bar faintly rufous at their centers and the apical patch somewhat rufous toward the apex, the front of head, antennae, legs and underside of after-body rufo-castaneous. Head coarsely, not closely punctured, clypeus smooth and shining, an inverted V-like im- pression between eyes, eyes of moderate size and quite prominent, the antennae with the usual triangular club and not quite twice as long as broad. Prothorax but little longer than broad, broadest in front, gradually narrower to posterior third, then constricted before base; the disk shining, rather coarsely, not cribrately punc- tured and with a small, smooth area in front of the scutellum. Elytra two-fifths as broad as long, with sides straight and parallel in front, feebly arcuate and narrowed toward the truncate apices; the disk rather coarsely, closely punctured, the punctures ante- riorly arranged in more or less approximate rows, more irregular toward apex. Length, 8 mm.; breadth, 2 mm. Male with antepenultimate ventral segment deeply emarginate posteriorly, tho penultimate feebly emarginate and the apical somewhat arcuate at apex. Holotype male (No. 5327, Mus. C. A. S. Ent.), collected in 42 PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [ VOL. XIX, NO. 2 Imperial County, California, in 1911, by J. C. Bridwell and by him kindly presented to me. This very distinctively marked species, both in sculpturing and coloration, shows that it is more closely related to horni Woll. and Chap, than to any of the ornatus group. From horni, it is not only definitely separated by its color pattern but by being much less coarsely punctured above, with more prominent though smaller eyes, shorter antennal club and smaller size. Family Elateridae Subfamily Plastocerinae Euthysanius wagneri Van Dyke, new species Elongate, subparallel, rufotestaceous, somewhat shining, head, pronotum and ventral surface of entire thorax rather densely clothed with long, silky, fulvous pile, elytra rather densely clothed with shorter, semi-erect pile which, however, does not conceal the sculpturing, and the ventral segments with sparser, finer and more depressed pile. Head triangularly impressed in front, rather coarsely, closely punctured, the clypeal margin more or less lobed and slightly truncate at middle; eyes prominent, hemispherical; antennae reaching hind angles of prothorax, outer segments pec- tinate, the appendages long, about four times the length of the segments and terminal appendage fully as long as preceding one. Prothorax subcampanulate, length three-fourths breadth at mid- dle and less than three-fifths width between apices of hind angles, front margin very feebly arcuate, sides slightly arcuate in front and oblique and divergent posteriorly to the long, sharp and widely everted hind angles which are carinate within; disk moderately convex, finely, not closely punctured, median line distinctly im- pressed. Scutellum elongate, depressed at middle and somewhat transverse behind. Elytra slightly less than three times as long as broad, sides gradually narrowing posteriorly; the disk convex, the striae well impressed and rather coarsely, closely punctured, the intervals convex and finely, irregularly punctured. Beneath, the propleurae rather coarsely, closely, punctured, prosternum finely rather closely punctured and sulcate between the coxae, ventral segments finely, rather densely punctured. Hind tibiae somewhat sinuate. Length, 22 mm.; breadth, 5.5 mm. Holotype male (No. 5328, Mus. C. A. S. Ent.) and two male paratypes, collected at light, at MoRRO, San Luis Obispo County, California, July 4, 1931, by Mr. Roy L. Wagner, and kindly sent to me some years ago. This species at first sight looks like a light colored lautus, seeing that it is of similar size and proportions. It differs from APRIL, 1943] VAN DYKE— NEW COLEOPTERA 43 this by having a finer, less dense pronotal punctuation, and from this as well as other species by having the basal angles of pro- thorax widely separated, divergent and acute, the clypeus more lobed in front, the forebody clothed with long, silky pile, and the terminal appendage of the antennae as long as the preceding appendages. Aplastus piceus Van Dyke, new species Elongate, stout, piceous, sparsely clothed above and beneath with short, closely appressed, gray pile. Head with triangular im- pression in front, coarsely, densely punctured; eyes prominent; antennae long, seventh segment reaching hind angles of prothorax, second and third segments short, the third but little longer than second, together about two-thirds length of fourth segment, seg- ments 4-10 gradually wider from base to apex, the outer angle extended as a cylindrical appendage which is fully one-half the length of the segment, the eleventh segment long, and cylindrical, slightly longer than the tenth and with a short appendage con- tinuous with itself. Prothorax as long as broad, not including hind angles, apex arcuate, sides almost straight and slightly divergent to hind angles which are triangular, acute, carinated and gener- ally continued straight backward and outward in line with the sides though frequently slightly everted, lateral margin generally well defined and complete though often obscure; disk rather coarsely, closely punctured, the median longitudinal line as a rule well im- pressed. Elytra three times as long as broad, sides almost straight, gradually narrowing backwards, and arcuate to apex; the disk with striae all distinctly impressed, the intervals feebly convex, the general surface finely punctured and rugous. Beneath, pro- thorax coarsely, closely punctured, the prosternum carinate in front and sulcate between the coxae, the ventral segments rather finely, discretely punctured. Length, 15 mm.; breadth, 4 mm. Holotype male (No. 5329, Mus. C. A. S. Ent.), and numerous designated paratypes from a series of forty-nine specimens, col- lected by myself, in MoRONGO Valley, Riverside County, Cali- fornia, from May 23-26, 1941. This species of the semi- arid hills to the east of the San Bernardino Range, is very similar in size and general appear- ance to speratus Lee. which is to be found in the more humid areas to the west of the mountains. The latter species is in gen- eral more rufous and has the outer segments of the antennae more definitely triangular and with the outer angle but little produced while piceus has the segments more narrowed basally and the outer angles extended in the form of an appendage. The 44 PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XIX, NO. 2 latter species also has the pronotum coarsely and closely punc- tured. Larger series of Aplastus speratus Lee. than I formerly had, show that the lateral marginal line of the prothorax is well indi- cated in the larger, better developed specimens, and that it is only in the atypical or more poorly formed specimens! that it is reduced. This would thus change the placement in my key (Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., XX, 1932, pp. 459-460). Aplastus piceus would have to he placed near it. Subfamily Elaterinae Adelocera mexicana Candeze In 1932, Dr. H. C. Fall described specimens of this species from Arizona as A. nohilis. This is an absolute synonym. While in Europe in the same year, I carefully examined the Candeze type in Brussels, also the specimen in the British Museum from which the illustration for the Biologio-Centrali Americana, was made. They were both from Mexico and both the same species and in agreement with the specimens from Arizona as well as Mexico that I have studied. If the specimen from Florida which Fall and Horn considered the true mexicana is different, then it is undescribed. CONODERES BICARINATUS VaN DyKE The specific name of this species, hicarinatus, is preoccupied by a species from Turkestan, Conoderes (Heteroderes) hicari- natus Reitter. I, therefore, now substitute the name duplicatus Van Dyke, new name, for my species. CoNODERus (Heteroderes) amplicollis (Gyllenhal) The specimens of Conoderes from Alabama which I formerly determined as the above, are really laurentii Guer. {attenuatus Cand.), according to specimens in the British Museum. In the Brussels Museum where much of the Candeze collection still is, there is considerable confusion. Specimens of the above are labelled amplicollis as well as laurentii. Limonius cribriceps Van Dyke, new species Rather short and robust, black, elytra and legs piceous, and clothed wtih a short and sparse yet conspicuous gray pile. Head flattened in front, coarsely, cribrately punctured, the clypeal front margin transverse and feebly reflexed; eyes of moderate size; an- APRIL, 1943] VAN DYKE— NEW COLEOPTERA 45 tennae rather short, extending but slightly beyond hind angles of prothorax, second and third antennal segments each about twice as long as broad, subcylindrical, together somewhat longer than fourth segment, 4-10 moderately serrate, gradually narrower, the terminal segment fusiform. Prothorax about as long as broad, apex feebly emarginate, base biemarginate, sides sinuate in front of hind angles, arcuate and gradually narrowed to apex, hind angles robust, projecting slightly backwards, truncate at apices and finely carinate; disk with median longitudinal line well im- pressed posteriorly, coarsely, deeply, rather closely punctured medi- ally, approximately and cribrately at sides. Elytra fully 1 mm. more than twice as long as broad, sides subparallel in front, feebly arcuate posteriorly and gradually narrowed to apex; disk with striae well impressed and rather coarsely punctured, the intervals fiattened, irregularly punctured and very rugose. Beneath coarsely and deeply punctured in front and less coarsely and densely on anterior ventral segments, the last ventral very densely punctured. Length, 10 mm.; breadth, 2.5 mm. Holotype (No. 5230, Mus. C. A. S. Ent.), a unique, probably a female, eollected by myself on the Greenhorn Mountains of Tulare County, California, May 7, 1931. In my synoptic table for Limonius, this species would come just before confusus Lee. and plebejiis Say and following kuschei Van Dyke. In size and general appearance, it suggests clypeatus Mots, most but has a transverse clypeal margin. It is most notable because of its very coarse punctuation. Limonius arizonicus Van Dyke, new species Narrow, elongate, castaneous, antennae, legs, underside and epipleurae lighter, and sparsely clothed with short fulvous pile, longer on metasternum. Head rather coarsely, densely punctured, depressed at center in front, clypeus with sharply defined trans- verse margin; antennae long, the ninth segment reaching apex of hind angles of prothorax, second and third segments short though each longer than broad and together slightly longer than fourth, 4-10 moderately serrate, gradually narrowed outwardly, eleventh elongate-elliptical; eyes convex. Prothorax as long as broad at hind angles, sides gradually narrowed and feebly arcuate forwards, apex transverse, base bisinuate, hind angles rather short, slightly divergent, truncate at apices and with a fine carina which diverges forwards to a slight degree from the lateral margin; disk with- out definitely impressed median longitudinal impression, coarsely, approximately punctured at sides, more finely and sparsely punc- tured at center. Elytra about 1 mm. more than twice as long as broad and less than three times as long as prothorax, sides almost parallel in front, gradually arcuate and narrowed posteriorly; 46 PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. XIX, NO. 2 disk feebly convex with striae finely impressed and finely, closely punctured, intervals flattened or feebly convex laterally and finely, irregularly punctured and rugose. Beneath, moderately punctured in front, the propleurae more coarsely and densely, the ventral segments moderately punctured, the apical more densely so; the prosternal sutures well separated in front and the/ prosternal lobe well developed. Length, 10 mm.; breadth, 2.75 mm. Holotype (No. 5331, Mus. C. A. S. Ent.) and seven paratypes, all apparently males, collected in Bearfoot Park, alt. 8-9000 feet, Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona, the type, July 15, 1937, the others July 9, 29, or 30, hy J. A. Kusche. This species though a true Limomus, in size and general ap- pearance, looks more like an Athous such as discrepans Reitt. {discors Fall). In myi synoptic table, it would run close to con- fusus Lee., to which it bears little resemblance. It is probably somewhat related to rectangularis Fall. Limonius discoideus Leg. I am still quite positive that discoideus is but the female of canus, occurring most commonly in the more northern areas of distribution. I have a pair mounted on the same pin, taken along Putah Creek, Solano County, California. The male is a typical male canus and the female a true discoideus. The usual female canus of the more southern areas of distribution is gen- erally darker than typical discoideus. The latter is also not restricted to the north and intermediate color phases are not un- common. I have discoideus from Trinity County, Tehama County, Humboldt County, Santa Cruz County, Monterey County, Cala- veras County and Ventura County, California. Dr. Fall speaks of specimens of canus found on the sand dunes of San Francisco and Carmel and wondered whether it ranges farther north along the coast. I have taken it at numerous places, on the sand dunes along the coast from Redondo, California, to the State of Wash- ington, as well as along numerous sandy washes of inland streams from southern California to Washington. Dr. Fall was not very familiar with field conditions in the more northern parts of the Pacific Coast. He also speaks of the possibility of discoideus being another species because certain males found with them had longer antennae than certain males found farther south. From my very long series, I find that the length of the antennae varies in the males, some from the south having long as well as short antennae while others from the north vary to APRIL, 1943] VAN DYKE— NEW COLEOPTERA 47 the same degree. Limonius canus Lee. is a species of wide dis- tribution along the Pacific Coast, quite variable in many regards yet having a more or less definite biological habitat, that is the sandy wastes, whether of the seacoast sand dunes or the sandy margins of the various inland streams. Limonius infuscatus Motschulsky This species is, perhaps, even more widely distributed on the Pacific Coast than canus and more variable. Dr. Fall questioned my figures. My smallest infuscatus are 8 mm. long and I have many close to that figure. In fact the greater number of those to be found in middle California, as along the Russian River, presumably the type locality for Motschulsky ’s species (8.4 mm. long vid. Fall) are moderately small specimens. The average of the great majority is 10 or 11 mm. My excess figure was 14 mm. for pilosulus Caud. which I consider but a subspecies. I have in fact one pilosulus 16 mm. long while my smallest pilosu- lus is but 11 mm. long. Of vernalis Fall which I still consider but the lighter, more southern phase, I have twenty specimens before me, the smallest 8 mm., the largest 12 mm., average 10 mm. In my high school days, I collected them in quantities along the Los Angeles River channel. This is the phase which is common and widespread throughout the lowlands of southern California. In the mountains as at Keen Camp, Riverside County, the darker, more typical infuscatus is to be found. The average of specimens to be found in northern California, Oregon and Washington, is slightly greater than the Russian River speci- mens. As to pilosulus Cand. {pilosus Lee.) which is rare in col- lections, I will state that I have ten specimens before me, one of which I have! carefully compared with the Le Conte type. It is 14 mm. long, larger than the type which is 10.5 mm., but it agrees with it in every regard except size. I also have two others of similar size and appearance. Five specimens are either 11 or 12 mm. long. Four of these are females like the largest speci- mens but one is a male. This last, from Los Angeles, has the antennae extending back tol the hind prothoracic angles and the fourth and fifth segments are broadly triangular, not transverse as in the largest female and several of the smaller ones. All of the specimens have the same color and facies and I think are undoubtedly the same thing. Only one of these is from southern California, the male. The type was supposedly from Yuma. All 48 PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. XIX, NO. 2 the others are from northern California: Sonoma County, Hum- boldt County, Santa Cruz County, Contra Costa County and Oro- ville. My largest specimen, 16 mm. long, is perhaps a different species for it is almost hlack, dull without metallic lustre, very hairy, and with the pronotum coarsely, densely punctured. Ludius truculentus (Candeze) This species, the type of which I examined in the Brussels Museum, is not what I judged as such from the description. Either my shastensis or hlaisdelli, prohahly the latter, is more in agreement with the type of truculentus. Unfortunately I had no specimens of either shastensis or hlaisdelli with me for pur- poses of comparison when abroad and comparison would be ab- solutely necessary to be certain of the determination. What I took to be truculentus, is without a name, so will he described. Ludius sierrae Van Dyke, new species Elongate, robust, moderately convex, rufo-castaneous, generally with a broad, black, longitudinal stripe down the center of the pronotum, though this is often vague and sometimes absent, the base of head also sometimes black and the prosternum and under- side of entire after body morel or less piceous, and both upper and lower surfaces clothed with a sparse, short, closely appressed though quite evident pubescence. Head feebly convex, sometimes with two shallow impressions between the eyes and densely closely punctured, antenna piceous, extending several segments beyond hind angles of prothorax in males and one or two in female, second seg- ment short, slightly longer than broad, third almost twice as long and but little shorter than fourth, 5-10 gradually shorter and nar- rower and 4-10 all feebly serrate. Prothorax as broad as long, not counting hind angles, sides arcuate from apex to base of hind angles, hind angles prominent, acute, divergent, with sharply de- fined carinae and fully 1.5 mm. long; disk broadly convex, slightly deplanate laterally, with median longitudinal impression generally vague, and finely, rather densely punctured, especially at sides, and lateral margin very narrow. Elytra over twice as long as broad and less than three times as long as prothorax, sides almost straight and parallel at basal third, thence feebly arcuate and gradually narrowed toward apex; the disk with striae finely but well impressed and finely somewhat obscurely punctured, the inter- vals broad, feebly convex and finely punctured and rugose. Be- neath finely closely punctured, denser on prothorax. Length, 12-20 mm.; bxeadth, 4-6 mm. Holotype male, allotype female (Nos. 5332 and 5333, Mus. C. A. S. Ent.) and four paratypes, the first from Meadow Val- APRIL, 1943] VAN DYKE— NE(W COLEOPTERA 49 LEY, Plumas County, California, 3500-4000 feet alt., June 6, 1924; the second from Fallen Leaf Lake, near Lake Tahoe, California, July 12, 1915; and the others from Quincy, Califor- nia, July, 1922; Yosemite Valley, California, June 3, 1921; and El Dorado County, California; all collected by myself. There is also an additional specimen from Glen Alpine, near Lake Tahoe, California, collected in July, in the Fenyes collec- tion of the Academy. This species which has long confused me, looks very much like some of the bicolored specimens of volitans Esch. from Alaska and the northern Cascade Mountains, but it is in general more robust, with a shorter and broader prothorax, less sagit- tate, smaller prothoracic hind angles, and above all with the third antennal segment not quite as long as fourth whereas it is always fully as long or longer in volitans. True! volitans are to be found in the same general region as sierrae, the mid Sierra Nevada Mountains. Ludius cribrosus (Le Conte) and relatives In my paper of 1932, I was too hasty in placing cribrosus, maurus and colossus as phases of one species. They are, of course related, the two first very closely so and often difl&cult to separate. The male genitalia of these are so similar that they cannot be relied upon for purposes of diagnosis. The antennae of atypical smaller females, likewise, cannot be depended upon. The two species are also to be found in the same regions. Typi- cal cribrosus have the pronotal punctures generally deep and well separated on the disk, the third segment of the antennae almost as long as fourth and quite triangular, and are as a rule more shining. Typical maurus Lee. are usually broader, flatter, have the pronotal punctures close together, more approximate, the third segment of the antennae more cylindrical, feebly tri- angular, and as a rule shorter though many have it practically as long as the fourth, and are duller in appearance. The male genitalia of colossus Lee. are different from either of the others, the lateral blades of the aedeagus narrower and knobbed apic- ally; the antennae are more like those of maurus but have the outer segments more transverse and broader basally; the pro- notal punctation much like that of cribrosus ; and the elytra with striae very finely, often obscurely impressed and the intervals flat and rather densely punctured. It is the elytra in the smaller 50 PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XIX, NO. 2 specimens which are no larger than many maurus, which have to be used to enable these to be definitely separated from maurus. At first only very large female specimens of colossus were known or at least recognized but more recently more specimens have been found, including many smaller specimens and both males and females, though the males are still quite rare. As stated previously, I find that this species is restricted to the southern Sierras. LuDIUS NIGRICANS (FaLL) A restudy has convinced me that the above species is a good species not a subspecies of rotundicollis (Say) as I at first thought and stated. In general it is larger. I have, however, specimens that are no larger than average examples of rotundi- collis and specimens of diversicolor Esch. which are fully as large as minor sized specimens of nigricans. The pronotal punc- tuation is variable and so unreliable as an index. In typical nigri- cans, it is moderately coarse and dense, in other specimens fine and less dense, approaching that of rotundicollis. The more re- liable diagnostic characters are the somewhat flattened prono- tum, rather broadly sinuate sides in front of the moderately robust hind angles which may be either slightly or conspicuously divergent, and the fairly wide side margin of the prothorax, especially posteriorly. In rotundicollis, the pronotum is more convex, with the sides narrowly and sharply sinuate just in front of the short, acute and divergent hind angles, and the side margin of the prothorax very fine and narrow throughout. I have a ciolor phase of nigricans with broad red margins to the pro- thorax, from Olympia, Washington. Ludius rotundicollis (Say) The typical phase of this according to Fall, and Say’s orig- inal description which I neglected to consult at first, has a more or less rufous pronotum, I would call it a dark cherry red. I now have before me several specimens of this typical phase from the Fenyes collection, as well as all black specimens, one from the Pacific Coast, Olympia, Washington. The diversicolor of Eschscholtz is not the same as rotundicollis, therefore not a syn- onym as stated by Fall but a good subspecies as formerly stated by me. In fact, I very much doubt whether Dr. Fall had ever seen a true diversicolor. Outside of having a brilliant orange pronotum, it has the elytra a more pronounced, shining black and the fine, close punctuation of the elytral striae quite evident APRIL, 1943] VAN DYKE— NEW COLEOPTERA 51 whereas it is more or less obsolete in typical rotundicollis. This subspecies is generally to be found in the middle, coastal region of California and as far as I have found, breeds in the old rot- ting wood in the holes of injured live oak trees. There is also a color phase of this, characterized by having a longitudinal black area of variable size down the middle of the pronotum. This phase, so far, only has been found about Monterey Bay in California. Elater sturmii Germar The type of the above-mentioned species is in the British Museum and is a true Megapenthes. Melanotus longulus Le Conte In my previously-mentioned paper, I sunk M. oregonus Lee. as a subspecies of the above. I was in error. M. oregonus Lee. is a good species with different male genitalia. The other forms which I included under longulus, belong as placed. Family Melasidae Hylus (Hypocoelus) robustus Van Dyke, new species Form robust, moderately elong’ate; piceous, antennae, legs, gen- erally the abdomen and sometimes the entire underside rufous; sparsely clothed with fine, fulvous pile. Head convex, flattened in front, sulcate between the antennae, clypeus narrowed at base, transversely concave, the entire head coarsely, densely umbili- cately punctured ; antennae with the seventh segment reaching hind angles of prothorax, second segment small, transverse apic- ally, segments three and four feebly triangular and twice as long as broad, the following cylindrical and slightly more than twice as long as broad, the terminal segment slig'htly longer than tenth and acute at apex. Prothorax barely wider than long, apex feebly lobed, sides arcuate from hind angles and gradually narrowed to ' apex, base broadly emarginate on either side and with a short transverse area between; disk convex, with median longitudinal line barely impressed near base, the surface coarsely umbilicately punctured. Elytra finely striate, the strial punctures more or less vague, the intervals flat and finely, irregularly and somewhat densely punctured and finely rugose. Beneath, prosternum rather coarsely, densely punctured. The abdomen more finely and less densely punctured. Hind coxal plates triangular, gradually dilated inwardly, the hind margin straight. Length, 8 mm.; breadth, 3 mm. Male: terminal segment of antennae evidently but very little longer than tenth; female, terminal segment of antennae equal to tenth. Holotype male, allotype female (Nos. 5334 and 5335, Mus. C. A. S. Ent.) and three paratypes; the holotype male from near 52 PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XIX, NO. 2 Kaweah, Tulare County, California, August 11, 1939; the allotype female, same locality, August 2, 1937; two paratypes, same locality, August 11, 1939 and August 3, 1937; all collected by F. T. Scott; the third paratype collected by A. T. McClay at Palloch Pines, California, May 6, 1937. This species as indicated by its name is very robust. In the tables, it would. run close to frontosus (Say), but differs by being larger and more robust with the head and pronotum very coarsely, cribrately and umbilicately punctured and the head much flattened in front. In one specimen, the one from Pollock Pines, there is a small, rudimentary, longitudinal crista on the front of head. The species is the fourth in the genus to be described from North America: frontosus (Say) from eastern Canada and adjacent areas of the United States; terminalis (Lee.) from the same localities and on the Pacific Coast from British Columbia, Washington and northern California; and californicus (Van Dyke) and rohustus Van Dyke, both restricted to California; thus, showing that northwestern North America is the center of distribution for this continent. ZUPHIUM AMERICANUM DEJ. IN OREGON On April 29, 1942, a series of ten specimens of this tiny Cara- bid was taken as Spencer’s Butte, 5 miles south of Eugene, in an open meadow at the altitude of 900 feet. The beetles were found clinging to an overturned stone in somewhat Cucuid manner, but when disturbed by light they be- came very active and rapidly descended to the ground where some succeeded in hiding themselves under particles of soil and escaped collector’s hand. The state of Louisiana is cited in Leng’s catalogue as the habitat of the species, but Dr. Hatch, who has kindly determined the beetles, has informed me that there is in his collection a specimen from Ann Harbor, Michigan. Apparently the distribu- tion of the Zuphium americanum is quite extended^ although it is rarely found in collections. Out of the total ten, two specimens are placed in the collec- tion of Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth Fender of McMinnville, Oregon, four in Dr. Hatch’s collection, and the remainder in my own. — Borys Malkin. ^ Four examples from Kansas in the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, have been examined since the above was written. APRIL, 1943] KNIGHT— MIRIDAE 53 FIVE NEW SPECIES OF DICYPHUS FROM WESTERN NORTH AMERICA AND ONE NEW CYRTOPELTIS (Hemiptera, Miridae) BY HARRY H. KNIGHT Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa Dicyphus brachypterus Knight, new species Male. Lengrth 2.55 mm., width .75 mm. Head: width .48 mm., vertex .23 mm.; black, shining, a pale lunule extending from postero-dorsal angle of eye to near middle of vertex. Rostrum, length 1.04 mm., extending to tips of middle coxae, pale yellowish, apex fuscous. Antennae: segment I, length .26 mm., pale, fuscous on base; II, .86 mm., cylindrical, pale, base and more broadly on apex, blackish; III, 1.0 mm., pale, apical half fuscous; IV, .49 mm., fuscous. Pronotum: length .47 mm., width at base .60 mm.; calli convex, posterior margins moderately impressed; basal margin of disk concavely arcuate, basal angles moderately rounded, black, shining, collar white. Scutellum slightly convex, transversely rugu- lose, mesoscutum moderately exposed, black. Hemelytra abbrevi- ated, reaching to middle of abdomen, membrane reduced, scarcely extending beyond tip of cuneus, pale; pallid, subtranslucent, a fuscous cloud covering tip of clavus and apical half of corium. Body black, moderately shining, clothed with fine pale to yellowish pubescence. Legs pale, base of coxae blackish, apical half of femora slightly dusky, tibial knees and tips of tarsi fuscous. Female. Length 3.11 mm., width .92 mm. Head: width .58 mm., vertex .321 mm. Antennae: segment I, length .26 mm.; II, .71 mm., less than one and one-half times the width of head; III, .82 mm.; IV, .39 mm. Pronotum: length .57 mm. width at base .74 mm. Hemelytra short, membrane extending slightly beyond tip of cuneus, pallid, subtranslucent, a fuscous cloud covering apical half of corium and apical one-fourth of clavus. Color very similar to the male, but with a pale spot between calli and extending slightly on pronotal disk. Holotype: male, August 14, 1931, Mt. Rainier, Washington (H. H. Knight) ; author’s collection. Allotype: same data as the type. Paratypes: 2 males and 6 females, taken with the types on Polemonium humile R. & S. This species was found on the same plants with Macrotylus polemonii Kngt. Dicyphus usingeri Knight, new species Distinguished from allied species by the large size, green to yellowish coloration, with first antennal segment black. 54 PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. XIX, NO. 2 Male. Length & mm., width 1.2 mm. Head, width .60 mm., vertex .32 mm.; frons strongly convex, tylus prominent; eyes rather small, width .19 mm., height .28 mm.; yellowish green. Rostrum, length 1.90 mm., reaching to middle of hind coxae, green- ish yellow, apex blackish. Antennae: segment I, length .47 mm., blackish, apex and narrow base yellowish; II, 1.82 mm., slender, slightly thicker apically, thickly clothed with suberect, fuscous pubescence, yellowish, base and apex fuscous to black; III, 1.90' mm., slender, blackish; IV, .60 mm., blackish. Pronotum: length .65 mm., width at base .99 mm.; calli moderately convex, posterior margins not deeply impressed, posterior half of disk rather flat, basal margin straight; yellowish green, basal edge of disk infus- cated. Scutellum moderately convex, greenish yellow, apex dusky; mesoscutum moderately exposed. Hemelytra subtranslucent, pale to yellowish, apex of corium with a small fuscous cloud; cuneus clOar, tinged greenish, apex dark fuscous to blackish; membrane nearly clear, venis pale fuscous. Dorsum clothed with suberect, moderately close-set, dusky to fuscous pubescence. Ventral sur- face yellowish to green, fading in old specimens. Legs greenish yellow, tarsi and tibial knees fuscous to black; tibial spines black- ish. Left genital clasper subtriangular on basal half, convex on lateral aspect, apical half flattened, blade-like, directed vertically, apex acuminate; right clasper not visible externally. Female. Length 4.5 mm., width 1.17 mm. Head: width .58 mm., vertex .34 mm. Antennae: segment I, length .43 mm.; II, 1.43 mm.; Ill, 1.34 mm.; IV, .56 mm. Very similar to the male in general form, color and pubescence. Holotype: male, June 20, 1926, Fresno, California (C. J. Drake) ; author’s collection. Allotype', taken with the type. Paratypes: female, taken with the types. California: 10 males and 14 females, July 20, 1928, Oakland Rec. Camp, Tuolumne County; 4 males and 14 females, July 23, 1932, nr. Camino, El Dorado County (R. L. Usinger) . One male. May 21, 1930, Mokelumne Hill, Calaveras County; a male and a female, July 20, 1931, Coffee Creek, Trinity County (R. L. Usinger). Breeds on Mountain Misery {Chamaebatia foliosa Benth.) according to Dr. Usinger. Dicyphus rivalis Knight, new species Allied to usingeri but differs in having smaller eyes, the calli more strongly convex, and first antennal segment greenish. Female. Length 5.5 mm., width 1.5 mm. Head: width .64 mm., vertex .39 mm.; frons strongly convex, higher than base of head; eyes small, width .173 mm., height .25 mm.; color greenish yellow. Rostrum, length 2 mm., extending to middle of hind coxae, yellow- APRIL, 1943] KNIGHT— MIRIDAE 55 ish, apex fuscous. Antennae: segment I, length .50 mm., greenish yellow, fuscous beneath on basal half; II, 1.73 mm., slender, cyl- indrical, yellowish, blackish at base, infuscated just before apex; thickly clothed with suberect, yellowish pubescence; III, 1.78 mm., yellowish, dusky to fuscous apically; IV, .64 mm., fuscous. Pro- notum: length .78 mm., width at base 1.08 mm., calli strongly con- vex, posterior margin moderately impressed ; posterior half of disk moderately convex, basal margin moderately concavely arcuate, posterior angles broadly rounded. Scutellum moderately convex, mesocutum rather broadly exposed, both uniformly greenish yel- low. Hemelytra subtranslucent, pale yellowish, tip of cuneus fus- cous ; membrane nearly clear, veins greenish, infuscated at apex of cells. Dorsum clothed with suberect, moderately close set, yellow- ish pubescence. Ventral surface uniformly greenish yellow. Legs greenish yellow, tibial knees black, tips of tarsi fuscous, tibial spines yellowish, Holotype: female, June 16, 1930, Forest Grove, Oregon (Joe Schuh) ; author’s collection. Paratype: female, September 16, Kaslo, British Columbia. California: female, July 28, 1931, Coffee Creek, Trinity County (R. L. Usinger), on Ribes. Dicyphus tinctus Knight, new species Allied to rufescens Van D., but distinguished by the red pro- notum and scutellum, cuneus clear without black apex, tibiae and abdomen pallid. Female. Length 4.33 mm., width 1.2 mm. Head; width .62 mm., vertex .35 mm,: fuscous to black, a pale spot above each eye on vertex. Rostrum, length 1.47 mm., reaching to near apex of middle coxae, pale, apex fuscous. Antennae: segment I, length .321 mm., pale to dusky; II, 1.05 mm., cylindrical, pale to dusky, fuscous at base; III, 1.12 mm,, pale to dusky, apical one-third fuscous; IV, .47 mm., pale to dusky. Pronotum: length .65 mm., width at base .99 mm.; basal margin rather deeply and broadly concave, calli rather strongly convex; color bright red, coxal cleft surrounded by fuscous. Scutellum and mesonotum bright red, the latter rather broadly exposed. Hemelytra pale translucent, apical half of clavus, inner and apical margins of corium, bright red. Cuneus uniformly clear, inner edge by smaller areole with a streak of red. Mem- brane nearly clear, tinged with brownish, veins light fuscous. Dorsum clothed with fine, rather short, suberect pale pubescence. Venter pale, a series of dark spots on lateral margins; meso- sternum, metapleura and ostiolar peritreme, dark fuscous to black. Legs pale to yellowish, spot on base of front coxae, a series of obsolete spots on anterior face of hind femora, and tips of tarsi, fuscous. 56 PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. XIX, NO. 2 Holotype: female, August 10, 1932, Lodgepole Camp, Rainier National Forest, Washington (A. R. Rolfs) ; author’s collection. ParaZypes: 4 females, taken with! the types. Dicyphus hesperus Knight, new species Allied to discrepans Kngt., but the male differs in structure of the left genital clasper; lateral aspect of clasper triangular in outline and without a notch on dorsal margin near base; female distinguished by the black first antennal segment. Male. Length 3.55 mm,, width 1.03 mm. Head: width .52 mm., vertex .23 mm.; black, shining, vertex bordering eyes and dorsal aspect of neck except median line, pallid. Rostrum, length 1.47 mm., extending beyond posterior coxae or to base of fourth ventral segment, pale yellowish, apex fuscous. Antennae: segment I, length .26 mm., reddish brown to black, shining, yellow pubescent; II, .86 mm., yellowish, apical one-third dark reddish to black, basal half more slender, pale yellowish pubescent; III, .52 mm., dark fuscous, pale at base; IV, .34 mm., fuscous. Pronotum: length .49 mm., width at base .82 mm.; collar flat, broad, sinuate above, pale; calli convex, smooth, shining, basal margin delimited by an impressed line; disk flaring upward over! mesonotum, basal margin broadly, concavely arcuate, basal angles widely rounded; propleura fuscous to black, calli brownish, disk dusky brown, median line pale. Mesoscutum broadly exposed, fuscous, pale spot at each side; scutellum pallid, broad median line reddish brown to black. Dorsum clothed with yellowish to fuscous pubescence, with more erect fuscous hairs on pronotum and scutellum. Hemelytra sub- translucent, in part dusky brown, tinged with reddish along claval suture, sometimes more broadly; spot on tip of embolium and one on corium bordering cuneus, fuscous to black. Cuneus clear, apex fuscous to blackish, often tinged reddish. Membrane clear, apical half lightly infuscated, veins fuscous. Venter and thorax brownish black. Legs pale to yellowish, coxae fuscous on base; femora with a few fuscous dots arranged in rows, front femora with spots on posterior aspect while hind femora have spots on front and poste- rior aspects ; tibiae with yellowish hairs only, tips of tarsi fuscous. Left genital clasper triangular as viewed from the side, without notch above, apical half slender, apex flattened and curved; right clasper apparently absent. Female. Length 3.5 mm., width 1.0' mm. Head: width .56 mm., vertex .22 mm. Antennae: segment I, length .26. mm.; II, .73 mm.; III, .58 mm.; IV, .30 mm. Very similar to the male in form and coloration. APRIL, 1943] KNIGHT— MIRIDAE 57 Holotype: male, April 19, 1933, Moscow, Idaho (T. A. Brind- ley) ; author’s collection. Allotype: same data as the type. Para- types: 2 males and 3 females, taken with the types in mullein {V erhascum) where this insect may hibernate. California: 2 males, and 2 females, July 4, Arbolado, on Stachys alhens; 2 males and 2 females, May 7, San Gabriel River; male and 3 fe- males, May 16, 1935, Whittier, on V erhascum virgatum (E. L. Paddock). One female, June 12, 1918, San Diego (C. L. Hubbs). Two males and 2 females, June 1, 1940, Dark Canyon, Riverside County (R. L. Usinger), “on thimbleberry” ; 2 males and 2 fe- males, June 2, 1915, Mission Canyon, Santa Barbara (Harold Morrison). Eight males and females, August 15, 1914, Ramona (J. C. Bradley). Colorado: 2 females, July 16, 1898, Little Beaver; female, June 18, 1901, Palmer Lake (E. D. Ball). Idaho: 5 females, Nov. 17, 1933, Boise (C. Wakeland). Six males and females, May 23, 1936, Genesee (T. A. Brindley). Male and female, April 22, male and female. May 30, 1933, Lewiston (T. A. Brindley) . Five males and females, July 10, 1936, Lewis- ton (F. B. Conn). Male, March 31, male and female, April 4, male and female, April 18, 5 males and females, April 14, male and female). May 7, female, Oct. 20, 1932-1938, Moscow (T. A. Brindley). Five males and females. Mar. 17, 1934, Moscow (H. G. Bergen). Seven males and females. Mar. 18, 1934, Mos- cow (H, Shipman). Male, May 10, 1936, Moscow (R. E. Mil- ler). Male July 10, male July 24, 2 females August 8, 1936 Moscow (B. F. Conn). Male May 17, male and female June 18, 1936, Moscow Mountain (T. A. Brindley). Nine males and females, Aug. 4, 1936, Moscow Mountain (Shull and Coon). Montana: Male, August 1, 1920, Missoula (A. A. Nichol). North Dakota: female, Bottineau, Turtle Mountains (C. N. Ainslie) . Oregon: female. May 27, 1930, Corvallis (H. A. Scul- len) . Male, July 3, 1926, Le Grande (E. W. Davis). Utah: female, June 13, 1940, Mt. Timpanogos, alt. 6,800 ft. (C. L. Hayward). Washington: male and female, April 18, 1930, Clarkston (H. Woods), on tomato. Two females, July 9, 1937^, Dayton (R. E. Miller ) . Five males and females, Nov. 21, 11 males and females, Dec. 11, 1925, Toppenish (E. W. Davis). Two males May 4, 1 male Aug. 29, 1 male Sept. 20, 1932, Yakima (A. R. Rolfs). 58 PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XIX, NO. 2 Cyrtopeltis bakeri Knight, new species Distinguished from allied species by the black prothorax, short second antennal segment, and by the anteapical black spot on cuneus. Female. Length 3.7 mm., width 1.2 mm. Head: width .57 mm., vertex .28 mm.; rather short, eyes large (width .22 mm., height .30 mm.), black, a triangular pale spot at top of eye on vertex. Rostrum, length 1.35 mm., extending to tips of middle coxae, pale, apex blackish. Antennae: segment I, length .25 mm., black, narrow apex pale; II, .69 mm., cylindrical, slightly more slender toward base, clothed with fine yellowish pubescence, pale yellowish, base blackish, apex fuscous; III, .68 mm., pale to dusky; IV, .38 mm., dusky. Pronotum: length .58 mm., width at base .95 mm.; black, basal margin broadly, concavely sinuate, lateral margins slightly sinuate, rounding over to the propleura ; calli very slightly convex, margins not impressed, on a level with the broad basal half of disk; collar flat to slightly convex. Dorsum clothed with short, suberect, pale pubescence. Mesonotum moderately exposed, black, brownish at each side; scutellum moderately convex, black. Hemelytra sub- translucent in pale areas; clavus except basal angles, and inner apical area of corium uniformly dark fuscous ; cuneus clear, apical half with a central, triangular black spot which leaves the apex broadly and narrow lateral margins clear. Membrane uniformly pale fuscous, basal half darker, a small clear spot by apex of cuneus. Thorax and venter black, legs yellowish, bases of coxae and tips of tarsi blackish; pubescence yellowish, tibial spines fuscous. Male. Length 3.64 mm., width 1.04 mm. Head: wddth .56 mm., vertex .26 mm. Antennae: segment I, length .21 mm., fuscous, apical half paler; II, .69 mm., fuscous, becoming pale on apical half. Pronotum: length .54 mm., width at base .90 mm. Color and pubescence very similar to that of female. Genital segment twisted to the left side so that left genital clasper appears to arise on median ventral line of segment; left clasper sickle-shaped, the apex slightly broader and pointing to the left side; right clasper minute or absent. Holotype: female, September 10, 1931, Sunrise, alt. 6,380 ft., Mt. Rainier, Washington (Wm. W. Baker) ; author’s collection. Allotype: male. May 5, 1935, Alsea Mountain, Oregon. Para- types: Oregon: male, April 21, 1935, Tidewater (Joe Schuh). Washington: female, July 9, 1930, “Wen. Mts.”; female, Aug. 31, 1930, Yakima; female, Aug. 15, 1932, Tampico (A. R. Rolfs). British Columbia: 2 males and 1 female, Aug. 9, 1905, Downie Creek, Selkirk Mts. (J. C. Bradley) . APRIL, 1943] PRENDERGAST— BLISSUS MIXTUS 59 OBSERVATIONS ON THE SAND DUNE CHINCH BUG BLISSUS MIXTUS BARBER (Lygaeidae Hemiptera) BY BARBARA PRENDERGAST California Academy of Sciences According to early reports on the true chinch bug, Blissus leucoptems Say, this notorious insect occurred scantily in the Pacific States, although it has never been reported as destructive west of the Rocky Mountains. Webster (“The Chinch Bug,” U. S.D.A. Cir. no, 113, 1909) reports the chinch bug from the coast and the central valleys of California, but no specimens from the Sacramento or San Joaquin valleys are available in western collections, and the experience of collectors would indi- cate that Blissus is limited to sand dune areas along the coast, at least in northern California. In 1939, Barber clarified the taxonomic status of the various forms of Blissus occurring in the United States. He described the coastal California species as new (Proc. Ent. Soc, of Wash., V. 39, No. 4, 1937, p. 85), basing it upon a small series of brachypterous specimens only. Blissus rrdxtus Barber appears to be very abundant in the sand dune areas along the Pacific Coast of the San Francisco peninsula. Colonies were observed at weekly intervals during a year’s time. The host plant is Ammophila arenarius (determined by Alice Eastwood) , a beach grass which grows abundantly in this vicinity. The grass was introduced by seed from Europe to prevent the sand from shifting. The bugs are gregarious, occurring in large numbers on par- ticular plants, and appearing to skip other clumps of the same grass entirely. They live near the roots and among the sheaths of the stems and seem to occur' only on rather dry plants. It is difficult to distinguish the bugs from debris and sand, especially beneath the roots, since the adults are nearly identical in color with damp sand. In addition, they have a tendency to feign death when disturbed. It is only when they wriggle into activity that they may be readily detected and captured. During ail seasons of the year bugs were found abundantly. It was interesting to note the presence of first instar nymphs in the sand dunes early in January. Since the egg stage lasts 60 PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. XIX, NO. 2 about a month under laboratory conditions, a field generation must begin about the first of December. Several attempts to culture the species in the laboratory failed, although the technique described by Janes (Ann. Ent. Soc. of Amer., v. 28, No. 1, pp. 109-120) for the true chinch bug was followed. Colonies were established on the host plant but not on wheat and barley, although cultures were maintained on these plants long enough to indicate that the bugs are prob- ably not of economic importance to them. Couplating pairs were closely observed in vials. After an interval of one month, a single egg was laid in each case. After the lapse of another month, the eggs hatched. The first instar nymphs were pale pinkish, changing to red. With each successive moult the color became darker and more brownish, finally at- taining the drab infuscation of the adult. The most significant biological facts observed were: 1) that the ratio of brachypterous to macropterous forms was about equal; 2) that Blissus mixtus does not migrate, nor does it hibernate during the winter months; 3) that there are three gen- erations each year in contrast to the two generations so typical of Blissus leucopterus Say. In conclusion the writer suggests as a possible explanation for the absence of a migration and hibernation period in the life of Blissus mixtus, the ecological uniformity and an abundance of the host plant in the area in which this species occurs. In view of the fact that this period is not taken up by such a process, production of an additional generation is probably induced at this time. TYPES OF APTEROUS ARADIDAE Dr. Oscar Monte of the Institute Biologico de Sao Paulo, Brazil, sent a valuable collection of Brazilian Aradidae for study with the understanding that the types of new species would be deposited in the collection of the Institute Biologico. In my recent paper on apterous Aradidae (Pan-Pac. Ent. 17: 169-181, 1941) the types of Notoplocoris montei and Emydocoris testudinatus were inadvertently given type numbers in the col- lection of the California Academy of Sciences. These types have now been returned to the Institute Biologico de Sao Paulo. — R. L. USINGER. APRIL, 1943] LEECH— HYDROPHILIDAE 61 BEROSUS EXILIS LECONTE A HEMIOSUS^ (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae) BY HUGH B. LEECH Vernon, British Columbia An examination of specimens of Le Conte’s Berosus exilis shows that the species belongs in the genus Hemiosus Sharp, 1882 (Biol. Centr.-Americana, Coleopt., 1 (2):84-85). Sharp proposed Hemiosus for his H. maculatus from Guatemala, Pan- ama and Mexico; since then at least four Brazilian species have been added to the genus. Several of the characters which Sharp relied upon to distinguish Hemiosus from Berosus are specific rather than generic, but differences in the forms of the meso- stemal protuberance and' the male genitalia are reliable. In Berosus the mesosternal process varies in its degree of prominence, but is always thin and blade-like, usually falcate anteriorly (hooded in B. rugulosus Horn) ; the aedeagus and parameres are in great part sheathed in a large trough-shaped basal piece. In Hemiosus the mesosternal process broadens an- teriorly from just in front of the mesocoxae, then narrows again to a blunt point, and this broadened area is deeply excavated; the aedeagus and parameres are only partially enclosed at the foot by a small basal piece. The rare Hemiosus exilis (Leconte) 1852, is 2.5-3 mm. long, and has the pronotum largely metallic green, with the front and side margins broadly and the base narrowly, pale. These dis- tinctive characters have confused it with a small Berosus, previ- ously unrecorded from north of Mexico. The two may be sepa- rated as follows: Mesosternal protuberance broadened anteriorly and deeply exca- vated; form oblong oval; elytra pale yellowish- white with in- distinct brown maculations, punctures of intervals much smaller than those of striae; pronotum with large and small punctures intermixed; emargination of fifth abdominal sternite with a single tooth at middle Hemiosus exilis (Leconte) Mesosternal protuberance thin, blade-like; form broadly oval; elytra yellowish-brown, each elytron with distinct black spots: one at humerus, one near suture just before middle and usually one just behind middle, and one laterally just behind middle; punctures of elytral intervals almost as large as those of striae; pronotum without small punctures between the large ^ Contributioia No. 2196, Division, of Entomology, Science Service Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, Ontaria 62 PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. XIX, NO. 2 ones; emargination of fifth sternite with two small teeth at middle Berosus moerens Sharp The type locality of H. exilis (Leconte) 1852, is the Gila River at Pima, Arizona (see Leconte, 1855, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, 7:366) ; my specimens are from Phoenix, Arizona, collected May 7, 1918, by J. Chester Bradley. B. moerens Sharp, 1882, was described as from Oaxaca, Mexico, and Guatemala; I have examples from 1 mile north of Ft. Davis, Davis Mountains, Texas, July 16, 1941 (B. E. White) , and have seen one from the Huachuca Mountains, Arizona, July (D. K. Duncan). It also occurs in Lower California. College Entomology College Entomology. By E. 0. Essig. The Macmillan Company, N. Y. vii -h 900', 308 figures. 1942. Price $5.00. College Entomology sets forth in Professor Essig’s marvelously detailed style the fundamental features of insects. The opening chapters deal with the basic subjects, metamorphosis and anatomy. A tabular arrangement and a key to the orders of insects follow. These introduce the systematic section of the book, which consists of thirty-three chapters. These chapters vary in length with the size and importance of the various orders. Each order is treated according toi a consistent plan including such noteworthy features as the etymology and priority of ordinal names and a tabular ar- rangement of ordinal characteristics. The latter are divided into columns on external and internal characters and further segre- gated into special features. Important families are characterized and outstanding species occurring throughout the world are men- tioned. Synoptic keys are provided for superfamilies and families. Selected references are conveniently grouped at the end of each chapter and general references are placed at the end of the book. A characteristic feature of any Essig book is the exhaustive index. A five-page “Index of Authors” and a sixty-three-page sub- ject index, both arranged in three columns, carry on this feature and are models of clarity and detail. Here, as elsewhere, it is evident that author and publisher have cooperated closely in choice of type faces to differentiate names of genera, speicies, and higher groups. The frequent use of bold-face t3rpe is in keeping with the thoroughly modern format and gives a clear and pleasing appear- ance. One of the outstanding features of the book is the series of entirely original anatomical illustrations. These, as a group, are without equal in any other text book of general entomology known to me. College Entomology has already taken its place as a refresh- ingly modern manual for the study of insects and as another of the fine contributions of E. 0. Essig to Entomology. — R. L. Usinger. APRIL, 1943] FENDER— CANTHARIDAE 63 STUDIES IN THE CANTHARIDAE (Coleoptera) BY KENNETH FENDER McMinnville, Oregon In the course of revisional studies of the genera of the Cantharidae, exclusive of the genus Cantharis, a number of new species have come into my possession, a few of which are herein described. It is hoped that these studies, along with those of Mrs. Dorothy Fender and Mr. J. W. Green^ in the genus Cantha- ris, will give a better understanding of this neglected group. To facilitate comparisons with previous descriptions, I have tried to follow the style and terminology of previous students of the family. Chauliognathus texanus Fender, new species Yellow: tibiae, tarsi, apical fourth to half of femora and apical third of elytra black; tibiae sometimes yellowish. Antennae pice- ous to yellowish, basal segment piceous in all specimens examined; third segment a little shorter than the fourth; the apex of each segment with a ring of long fine hairs, setaceous in 'profundus', scattered long hairs on the body of each segment. Head elongate oval, shining, finely punctured ana sparsely pubescent. Thorax opaque, wider than head; nearly as long as wide in the male; wider in the female; sides evenly arcuate and shallowly reflexed; disc usually with '•n elongate black spot on each side, sometimes absent. Elytra slightly wider than thorax, parallel, moderately punctate and sparsely pubescent. Terminal segments of abdomen pale, with black markings in profundus and ineptus. Length, 13 to 17 mm. Holotype, male, Davis Mountains, Texas, August 2, 1937; allotype, female, Chisos Mountains, Texas, July 9, 1936; three paratypes, same data as allotype; three other paratypes from Davis Mountains, Texas, July 2, 1940; three paratypes from Chisos Mountains, Texas, June 9, 1939. All these speci- mens were collected by D. J. and J. N. Knull. With these I associate six specimens from the Leng' Collection, no data. The types will be deposited in the United States National Museum. Paratypes are in the following collections,: California Academy of Sciences (2) ; M. C. Z. (1) ; Knull (3) ; author’s collection (3). ^ Green, J. W., Ent. Am. vol. XX (new series), no. 4, pp. 1B9-217, 1941. 64 PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. XIX, NO. 2 This species is near Ch. profundus Lee. and Ch. ineptus Horn and is probably placed in some cpllections as profundus. It can be easily separated from either of these species by the following key: Species with apical third of elytra black; third antennal segment equal or nearly equal to fourth, {profundus group.) A. Head black ineptus Horn AA. Head pale. B. Larger, 17 to 22 mm.; reddish orange, basal third or less of femora pale; long hairs at apex of antennal segments setaceous profundus Lee. BB. Smaller, 13 to 17 mm.; yellowish, basal half or more of femora pale; long hairs at apex of antennal segments fine and silky texanus, n. sp. Podabrus cascadensis Fender, new species Black; head) in front of eyes and sides of prothorax rufotesta- ceous. Head shining; feebly sparsely punctate in front, coarsely punctate behind; slightly wider than the thorax. Eyes small and inconspicuous. Antennae piceous with the exception of the basal segment which is paler; long, reaching to the apical third of the elytra in the male, slightly shorter in the female. Prothorax shin- ing, finely sparsely punctate, more noticeably so just to the rear of the convexities; subrectangular, anterior angles rounded, sides arcuate to hind angles which are prominent; median line slightly impressed, not eroded. Elytra shallowly rugulose basally becom- ing more deeply so apically; pubescence pale cinereous. Front tibiae curved and apically dilated in male, simple in female. Poste- rior coxae of male with an apical process of yellowish hairs. Tarsal claws armed with a long acute tooth causing them to ap- pear broadly cleft. Length, 11 to 12 mm. Holotype, male, allotype, female, and one paratype, July 1, 1941, Clackamas Lake, Oregon; two paratypes. Clear Lake, Ore., same date; one paratype. Hood River Meadows, Ore., same date. Holotype and allotype in California Academy of Sciences, paratypes in author’s collection. The ungual characters place this species in Mr. Fall’s^ first group. The small, not prominent eyes would place it with P. latimanus (Mots.) and P. ambiguus Fall. It can be separated from latimanus by the formation of the front tibiae, dilated in- wardly into a thin plate in latimanus, apically dilated in casca- densis', from ambiguus by its color, ground color yellow in 2 H. C. Fall, Ent. Am. Vol. VIII (new series). No. 2, pp. 65-103, 1928. APRIL, 1943] FENDEB^-CANTHARIDAE 65 amgihuus, black in cascadensis. In reality cascadensis is muoh nearer P. f rater Lee. and should follow that species in arrange- ment. In fraterdtie eyes are large and prominent; the clypeus is pale basally and dark brunneous apically; the median line of the prothorax is deeply impressed and the elytral costae are promi- nent. In comparison, cascadensis has small, not prominent eyes, the clypeus pale, the median line of the prothorax shallowly im- pressed and the elytral costae feeble. Podabrus brunneus Fender, new species Brunneous; head, basal two segments of maxillary palpi, un- der side of basal two segments of antennae and basal half of femora rufo-brunneous ; prothorax rufo-brunneous with a large hexagonal discal spot which is piceous. Head shining; finely, sparsely punctate in front of antennae; coarsely, closely punctate behind; as wide as thorax in the male, narrower than the thorax in the female. Antennae narrowly annulated, moderately stout; intermediate segments three times as long as wide; second seg- ment four-fifths as long as third. Prothorax shining; finely, sparsely punctate, coarsely so anteriorly; front angles rounded, sides evenly arcuate to hind angles which are feebly prominent; median line shallow, not eroded, extending only for the length of the convexities. Elytra feebly rugose basally, becoming more evi- dently rugose apically; each with two evident costae. Anterior tibiae feebly bent and dilated apically. Hind coxae with an apical process of long hairs. Tarsal claws armed with a long acute tooth. Length: male, 15 mm.; female, 16 mm. Holotype, male, and allotype, female, July 20, 1937, col- lected by D. J. and J. N. Knull in the Huachuca Mountains, Arizona. Holotype temporarily in the author’s collection, allo- type in the Knull Collection. This fine species would run, in Fall’s key, to F., diadema Fab. in the first group; claws with acute tooth causing them to appear broadly cleft. The protibiae of the males are too feebly bent and apically dilated to be placed in that division occupied by ruga- losus Lee., frater Lec., etc. Brunneus can easily be separated from diadema by its large size and color; diadema, ground color black, length 9 to 10 mm. Podabrus danielsi Fender, new species Black, luster dull; head in front of eyes, basal three segments of antennae and sides of prothorax pale; apices of coxae, bases of ^rochanters, bases and apices of femora and tibiae narrowly pale. Head finely punctate in front; scabrose punctate behind. Anten- 66 PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XIX, NO. 2 nae stout, second segment one-third longer than wide, three- fourths as long as third; intermediate joints two and a half times as long as wide. Thorax two-thirds as long as wide; slightly nar- rower than head in male, as wide as head in female; front angles obliquely subtruncate; sides a little sinuate and convergent to hind angles which are prominent; surface finely, closely punctate, becoming nearly rugose punctate anteriorly; convexities less closely punctate; median impressed line deep and eroded. Elytra finely, closely rugose basally, becoming more noticeably so apic- ally; pubescense pale cinereous. Claws of male cleft in fro'nt feet; anterior claws of middle and hind feet each with a short acute tooth; posterior' clawsi of middle and hind feet cleft. Each of the claws of the female with a short acute tooth. Length, 6.5 to 7 mm. Holotype, male, allotype, female, and three paratypes, July 18, 1941, Breitenbush Lake, Mt. Hood Nat. Forest, Oregon, collected by H. and F. Daniels for whom it is named. Holotype and allotype in California Academy of Sciences ; one paratype in the Daniels Collection; two paratypes in the author’s collection. Danielsi is unique in the ungual characters of the males. It is similar in shape and Coloration to P. lateralis Lee. and appears to be near this species. It can at once be separated from any other known species by the formation of the claws of the male. Mr, Fall, in his key, separated the species into seven major groups which are distinguished by the form of the tarsal claws. This species adds another group to those known to Mr. Fall. Malthodes oregonus Fender, new species Male. Head black, wider than thorax; labrum, mandibles and first two antennal segments pale testaceous, rest of antennae pice- ous, as long as the body; segments two and three of equal length. Thorax pale testaceous with a fuscous, discal spot which is some- times divided by the shallow median excavation; rather coarsely punctate; lateral margin sinuate, anterior angles deflexed. Elytra brunneo-piceous, paler at tips. Protibiae and apex of profemora pale; apex of femora and basal half of tibiae of middle and hind legs pale. Length, 3 to 3.5 mm. Male genital characters as viewed ventrally: sixth ventral deeply emarginate, emargination not truncate at the bottom; sev- enth ventral deeply notched, forks diverging at basal half of furcation, becoming nearly parallel at tips (fig. 2) ; seventh vent- ral sinuate in profile, the upper surface leveling off to form a narrow triangle; last dorsal produced, arched over last ventral, broadened and truncate at tip, strongly carinate ventrally (fig. 1). Female. Coloration as in male; thorax wider than head; an- tennae a little over one-half the length of the body. Length, 3 to 4 mm. APRIL, 1943] FENDER— CANTH ARID A E 67 Holotype, male, allotype, female, and 69 paratypes, Dayton, Oregon, May 16, 1940, D. M. and K. M. Fender; eleven other paratypes have been taken by us at McMinnville, Amity, Boyer and Sand Lake, Ore., on dates ranging from April 7, to June 13. Holotype, allotype and two paratypes in the California Academy of Sciences. Paratypes as follows: U. S. N. M. (2) ; M. C. Z. (2) ; Green (4) ; Frost (2) ; Oregon State College (2) ; Knull (2) ; Malkin (2) ; the rest temporarily in the author’s collection. Fig. 1. Lateral view of terminal abdominal segments of Mal- thodes oregonus, n. sp. Fig. 2. Ventral view of terminal ventral abdominal segments of M. oregonus, n. sp. Figs. 3 and 4. Same of Malthodes humidus, n. sp. Figs. 5 and 6. Same of Malthodes frosti, n. sp. This species is near M. ohductus Fall but can be separated from that species by its larger size, sinuate thoracic margin and more divergent forks of the male seventh ventral. Malthodes frosti Fender, new species Male. Head black, antennae entirely piceous, as long as body; second and third antennal segments about the same length, fourth a little longer, intermediate segments four times as long as wide. Thorax brunneous to rufo-testaceous, transverse, narrower than head; lateral margins sinuate, quite widely margined. Elytra piceous, reaching! to apical half of abdomen. Length, 3 to 3.5 mm. Male genital characters as viewed ventrally : sixth ventral narrowly deeply emarginate, emargination truncate at bottom; seventh ventral elongate, deeply, broadly divided (fig. 6) ; sev- enth ventral strongly sinuate in profile; sides of last dorsal pro- jecting downward, thence backward and expanded into large ovate 68 PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XIX, NO. 2 lateral processes enclosing' the last ventral; terminus of last dorsal with a short, narrow median keel projecting downward (fig”. 5). Female. Coloration as in male; thorax wider than head, lateral margins divergent from basal angles for three-fourths of their length, then strongly convergent to the anterior angles. Antennae about one-half the length of the body. Length, 3.5 mm. Holotype, male, allotype, female, and 21 paratypes, Bear Springs, Wapinitia Cutoff, Oregon, June 6, 1939; eight para- types, Elk Lake, Ore., July 9, 1939; two paratypes, McMin- nville, Ore., May 23, 1938, and one paratype, McMinnville, Ore., July 30, 1939; all collected by D. M. and K. M. Fender. Holotype and allotype in the California Academy of Sciences. Paratypes as follows: U. S. N. M. (2) ; M. C. Z. (2) ; Green (2) ; Frost (2) ; Malkin (2) ; the rest in the author’s collection. Malthodes humidus Fender, new species Color piceous, seventh ventral and sixth dorsal abdominal seg- ments pale. Eyes large ; antennae as long as body in male, shorter in female; second antennal joint slightly shorter than third, third slightly shorter than fourth, rest of segments nearly equal in length. Thorax narrower than head in male, wider than head in female; lateral margins convergent from the anterior angles, slightly sinuate in female; lateral margins convergent from the anterior angles, slightly sinuate, anterior angles deflexed. Length, 3 to 3.5 mm. Male genital characters as follows : sixth ventral narrowly deeply emarginate, emargination faintly truncate at the bottom; seventh ventral slender, elongate, deeply, broadly divided at apex (fig. 4). In profile: seventh ventral sinuate; sides of sixth dorsal curved down and back into finger-like processes; terminus of sixth dorsal with a ventrally and posteriorly directed median lobe (fig. 3). Holotype, male, allotype, female, and 14 paratypes, Boyer, Oregon, May 28, 1940. The following paratypes all were taken by Professor James A. Macnab at Boyer, Ore., (2) July 19, 1938, (1) July 23, 1934, (1) July 14, 1935, (1) June 28, 1936, and (1) July 23, 1937. Variation: In some specimens there is a rufo-testaceous spot on each side of the thoracic disc; others have a noticeable tubercle on each side of the disc. This species keys out to M. tularensis Fall but can be dis- tinguished from that species by its piceous coloi^; third anten- APRIL, 1943] PRATT— ENEMIES OF POLYPHYLLA 69 nal segment noticeably longer than second and the produced downcurved side pieces of the sixth dorsal of the male. In tida- rensis the thorax is yellowish, the third antennal segment is scarcely longer than the second and the sixth dorsal is not produced. Malthodes frosti and M. humidus both run to the last couplet in Mr. Fall’s study In this subhead Mr. Fall had already placed M. tularensis and M. visceratus Fall. A revision of this couplet might be appropriate to include the new species men- tioned above. Emargination of the sixth ventral truncate at bottom. A. Seventh ventral sinuate in profile, less widely and deeply forked. B. Last dorsal not produced tularensis Fall BB. Last dorsal produced, side pieces projecting downwards. C. Last dorsal side pieces projecting downwards, forming fin- gerlike processes humidus, n. p. CC. Last dorsal side pieces projecting downwards and expand- ing into large ovate lateral processes frosti, n. p. AA. Seventh ventral apically bent, more widely and deeply forked .visceratus Fall INSECT ENEMIES OF THE SCARABAEID POLYPHYLLA CRINITA LEG. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) BY ROBERT Y. PRATT Coupeville, Washington In western Washington the Scarabaeid June beetle, Poly- phylla crinita Lec.^, emerges from its pupal cell in the ground from about the first half of July into August. On Whidbey Is- land, State of Washington, the larvae of this beetle are present in great numbers in well-drained medium and lighter sandy soils; locally causing damage in commercial strawberry fields and Dutch iris bulb plantings. While collecting specimens of Poly phylla crinita on Whidbey Island July II, 1939, I saw one of these beetlels flying pursued by two robber flies, Stenopogon inqidnatus Loew. One of these * H. C. Fall, Ann. Ent. Soc. Am. Vol. XII, No. 1, pp. 31-42, 1919. ^ Accordincr to Essie, on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, and alone the Pacific Coast the species of Polyphylla is Pi crinita Lee. See reference, B. O. Essiff, Insects of Western North America, The Macmillan Company, p. 443. 1934. 70 PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XIX, NO. 2 struck the beetle while flying, causing it to fall to the ground, with the robber fly still attached. The robber fly had bitten into the Polyphylla crinita in the V at the base of the elytra just below the pronotum, and sucked the body juices of the beetle for a total period of sixty-five min- utes. It shifted position from time to time, but kept its mouth parts in the beetle. The beetle apparently died some time before the robber fly finished, for it gradually weakened and became entirely motion- less some time before the fly flew away. The robber fly was noticeably distended at the time it finished. Since then I have noticed a distended robber fly resting on a grass stem above a dead Polyphylla crinita adult, and am con- vinced that the robber fly Stenopogon inquinatus Loew. is a regular predator on this species. I have received an authentic record of several of the Carabid beetle, Carabus {Archicarabus) taedatus Fab., attacking and eating a Polyphylla crinita larva; while all were confined. This occurred in 1939 on Whidbey Island. The specimens, over seven Carabus taedatus and two Calosoma tepidum Lee., were confined in a small glass jar of about one pint capacity, with a small amount of earth in the bottom. When the large Polyphylla cri- nita larva was placed in the jar it was attacked and eaten by three or more beetles, while others ran around the jar, taking no interest in the larva. There is a chance that the Calosoma tepi- dum also attacked the larva, but one or more of the Carabus taedatus definitely did. This is the Carabus [Archicarabus) taedatus Fab. described from the State of Washington as the subspecies vancouvericus Csiki or bicolor Walker^, but this spe- cies is actually identical with the typical form Carabus [Archi- carabus) taedatus Fab. and is not a subspecies.^ Although neither the robber fly Stenopogon inquinatus Loew. nor the beetle Carabus taedatus Fab. are present, on Whidbey Island at least, in sufficient numbers to control Polyphylla cri- nita, I have presented this information in the hope that it may add to the knowledge of these species and that it may encourage research on whatever natural enemies of Polyphylla crinita exist. ^Leng, Charles W., Catalogue of North American Coleoptera, p. 44, 1920. Also Ibidem, Second and Third Supplements, p. 10, section under Carabus, 1933. ® Pratt, Robert Y., Carabus taedatus Fabr. and its subspecies vajicouvericus Csiki or bicaior Walker are identical. Pan-Pac. Ent., 16 :95, April, 1940. APRIL, 1943] COMPERE— METAPHYCUS 71 A NEW SPECIES OF METAPHYCUS PARASITIC ON PSYLLIDS^ BY HAROLD COMPERE^ University of Cdlifomia Citrus Experiment Station, Riverside, California Metaphycus psyllidis, described below, is an encyrtid of more than ordinary interest because it parasitizes the nymphs of the tomato Paratrioza cocker elli (Sulc.). All other species of Metaphycus have been reared from coccids, and for this rea- son it has been generally assumed that all the species of the genus were coccid-inhabiting parasites. The psyllid-inhabiting species was discovered by Kenneth Sloop, Deputy Agricultural Commissioner of Orange County, California, who noticed adult Metaphycus on the leaves and stems of plants of chili pepper [Capsicum sp.) in a field near Anaheim. Sloop’s interest in this parasite was aroused because of its resemblance to Meta- phycus helvolus (Comp.), a species recently introduced into Orange County for the control of the black scale, Saissetia oleae (Bern.) . Sloop submitted specimens of the parasite to the Citrus Expe- riment Station for identification, stating that the adult parasites were abundant on pepper plants and that he was unable to find coccids on these plants. On November 7, 1940, Sloop, S. E. Flanders, and the writer began a search for the insect in which the parasites were breeding. The pepper plants were found to be free from coccids but they were lightly infested with the psyllid Paratrioza cocker elli. A few of the psyllid nymphs were inhabited by the larvae and pupae of a parasite; others were empty shells containing parasite remains and having exit holes from which the parasites had emerged. The psyllid nymphs con- taining live pupae and larvae were isolated in a vial, and from these the parasites were reared. The parasites reared from the psyllids are indistinguishable from those captured as adults in the field. In Timberlake’s key to the species, Metaphycus psyllidis runs best to M. flavus (How.). It is not in entire agreement with ^ Paper No. 480, University of California Citrus Experiment Station, River- side, California. - Associate in the Experiment Station. 72 PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XIX, NO. 2 Timberlake’s redescription of M. flavus, however, and is clearly different from the Peruvian and Sicilian specimens which Tim- herlake identified as M. flavus when he redescrihed the species. Metaphycus psyllidis belongs to a group of species in which both the maxillary and the labial palpi are clearly three- segmented. This character readily separates it from the great majority of the described species. Only one species in which the maxillary and labial palpi are three-segmented was known to Mercet, namely, M. insidiosus (Mercet), and this he consid- ered an anomalous species. Recently the writer described six African species having three-segmented maxillary and labial palpi. The psyllid-inhabiting species from California is differ- ent from any of these. Metaphycus psyllidis Compere, new species Female. General color lemon yellow; the mesoscutum, axillae, and scutellum slightly orange; body with black or brown mark- ings as follows: center of pronotum and a faint dot on either corner of the collar, apex of postnotal wing process and parts of axillary sclerites, propodeum faintly on posterior aspect mesad of spiracles, fifth and sixth tergites faintly. Antennae yellowish white, with the basal half of club, first three or four funicle joints, base of pedicel, and a longitudinal blotch on outer aspect of scape, black or brown. Distal segments of the tarsi faintly dusky. Fore wings hyaline, uniformly ciliated ; speculum interrupted below by two rows of hairs. Frontovertex one and one-half times as long as wide. Ocelli in an equilateral triangle, or nearly so; posterior ocelli about once their own diameter from the orbits and occipital margin. Scape four and one-half times as long as wide, widest near the middle. Pedicel twice as long as wide and almost as long as the first three funical joints united. First funicle joint slightly wider than long; the second subequal to the first, those that follow plainly increas- ing in size; the sixth one and one-half times as wide as long. Club two and one-half times as long as wide, about one and one-third times as wide as the sixth funicle joint. Abdomen slightly shorter than the thorax. Ovipositor not exserted beyond apex of abdomen. Length, 1.1 mm. Male. Structurally the males closely resemble the females, but in color they have more extensive black or brown markings. Ap- parently the coloration is quite variable, for the tag-mounted male has the dorsum of the thorax extensively brown to blackish, in contrast to the two slide-mounted specimens, which have the dorsum of the thorax extensively orange yellow with limited, sharply contrasting black markings. In detail, the two slide- APRIL, 1943] MICHELBACHER— TOMATO MITE 73 mounted males are marked with black of varying intensities, as follows: occiput at sides of foramen; concealed part of pronotum and a dot on either corner of collar; anterior concealed margin of mesoscutum; scuto-axillary sutures and vertical margins of axil- lae and scutellum; apical half of tegulae, knob of second axillary sclerite, and apex of postnotal wing process; metanotum and pro- podeum mesad of spircales; dorsum of abdomen, except widely around margins. Tarsi of fore legs and apical tarsi of middle and hind legs slightly dusky. Color of antennae is similar to that of females. In the tag-mounted specimen the head has collapsed, and in the balsam-mounted specimens the heads are turned so that the exact proportions of the head cannot be obtained. So far as can be seen, the proportions and positions of the ocelli seem to be similar to those of the female. Length, 1.0 mm. Described from five females and three males, holotype, allo- type, and paratypes. Of these specimens, two females and one male are on points; one female is cleared, stained, and mounted in balsam on one slide; two females and two males are mounted in balsam under one cover slip, the female and male in the middle position being designated as the holotype and allotype, respectively. The tag-mounted paratypes and the stained balsam- mounted paratype were reared from psyllid nymphs isolated in a vial ; the other specimens were collected on the leaves or stems of the infested plants in Orange County, California, November 7, 1940. The types of the new species are to be deposited in the United States National Museum, Washington, D. C. PETUNIA, AN IMPORTANT WINTER HOST OF THE TOMATO MITE The tomato mite, Phyllocoptes destructor Keifer, a very de- structive pest of tomatoes, has been observed over-wintering in large numbers on petunia. Heavy infestations were observed in the vicinity of Woodland, California, on April 29, 1943. In some areas the population was so great that the base of the stems and lower leaves of the plants had a characteristic bronzy appearance resulting from the feeding of the mite. This obser- vation indicates that petunia plantings may furnish an important source of mites for infesting tomatoes both in the beds and in the fields. — A. E. Michelbacher. 74 PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XIX, NO. 2 SOME NEW RECORDS OF OREGON CHRYSOMELIDAE A recent examination of the collections of Oregon State Col- lege in Corvallis, Ore., and of the Forest Insect Station in Port- land has revealed several species of Chrysomelidae not listed hy Dr. Hatch in his catalogue^ of beetles of this family from Oregon. A few species have also been added from author’s own collection bringing the total of the new additions to ten, the list of which is as follows: 15287. Saxinis saucia Lee. June 15, 1915, “On flowers of Erigonum. (Port. Ins. Sta.) 15626. Paria canellaKah. Freewater October 8, 1914 (O.S.C. ) 15626.d. P. canella quadriguttata Lee. Same data. 15633. a. Timarcha cerdo Stal. Dallas, June 7, 1932. “Feed- ing on beans.” (O.S.C.) 15643. Leptinotarsa lineolata Stal. Ontario, July 20. (O.S.C.) 15703. Gastr oid ea cyanea Melsh. Talent, April 1, 1931. L.G. Gentner det. (O.S.C.) 15752. a. Galerucella tuherculata punctipennis (Mann.) Eu- gene, September 5 and 27, 1941; August 7, 1941; April 18, 1942 ; Spencer’s Butte, October 12, 1941 ; Scott Lake, August 17, 1941. all Malkin.) 15753. G. decora (Say). Rickreall, September 5, 1905. (O.S.C.) 15754. G. xanthomelea (Schmk). Grants Pass, May 26, 1935, Portland, September, 1934 (Port. Ins. Sta.) ; Eugene, August 22, 1941; June 10, 12, 1942, det. by B. E. White (Malkin). — . Monoxia guttulata Lee. Klamath Falls, July 30, 1914. 21318. Longitarsus waterhousei Kutch. Albany, August 10, 1936, L. G. Gentner det. ( O.S.C.) — BoRYS Malkin. A NEW NAME FOR A NEW ZEALAND ARADID Chinamyersia Usinger, n. n. for Pseudaradus Myers and China, 1928, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 1:388, not Pseudaradus Burmeister, 1834, Revue Entom. 2(1) :19. This homonymy was called to the attention of Mr. W. E. China who suggested {in litt.) that I rename his genus, I take pleasure in naming it in honor of W. E. China and J. G. Myers, both of whom have contributed greatly to our knowledge of New Zealand Hemip- tera. — R. L. Usinger. ^ Hatch, M. H. "A preliminary catalogue of the Chryaomelldae of Oregon.” Pan-Pac. Ent., Vol. VIII, No. 3, pp. 102-108, 1932. APRIL, 1943] LINSLEY and michener— coleoptera 75 OBSERVATIONS ON SOME COLEOPTERA FROM THE VICINITY OF MT LASSEN, CALIFORNIA BY E. G. LINSLEY AND C. D. MICHENER University of California The following observations and records were made in the Mt. Lassen area of northern California between May 19 and June 22, 1941. Carabidae Pterosticus ater Le Conte, On three different occasions adults of this species attacked and fed upon workers of Zootermopsis nevadensis (Hagen), in logs or stumps of western yellow pine {Pinus ponderosa) , immediately after exposure during collecting. Hydrophilidae Cymbiodyta imhellis Le Conte. The spring dispersal flight of this hydrophilid in the vicinity of Manzanita Lake, Lassen Vol- canic National Park, took place on May 21, coinciding with flights of Dendroctonus valens Lee., Hylastes nigrinus Lee., and Spon- dylis upiformis Mann. The flight began at 6:50 p.m. and lasted until 7:10 p.m. The evening was warm and clear. During this period the beetles swarmed by the thousands around dark-colored automobiles in a manner suggestive of swarming bees. Light- colored automobiles were ignored, as were tents and white sheets which attracted Dendroctonus and Hylastes in large num- bers, That the flight was widespread was indicated by the fact that it was simultaneously observed at a point about three- quarters of a mile away. Dytiscidae Agabus lutosus Le Conte. A few individuals of this species were noted in the swarms of hydrophilids recorded above. On the following night (May 22) there was a slightly larger flight but the Agabus were never comparable in numbers to the hydro- philid. By means of these flights, several temporary ponds formed by melting snow, became densely populated with water beetles. In these ponds the Agabus fed mostly on bibionid flies which fell upon the surface. When disturbed they grasped the 76 PAN-PACIFIC EINTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XIX, NO. 2 flies and carried them to the bottom of the pool. Several indi- viduals were observed to feed simultaneously on a single fly. Staphylinidae Xenodusa montana Casey. This myrmicophile was found un- der hark of western yellow pine {Pinus ponderosa) in nests of the ant, Lasius niger subsp. neoniger Emery. Lycidae Plateros caLifornicus Van Dyke. This species appears to be gregarious or semi-gregarious. Penultimate and ultimate stage larvae as well as pupae were found grouped together under bark of western yellow pine stumps near Viola, Shasta County, and Old Station, Shasta County, on various dates in June. Meloidae Meloe opucus Le Conte. The primary larva of this species may be briefly characterized as follows: Length 1% to 2 mm. Color pale brown; head broadly rounded, second segment of an- tennae about three times apical width, third segment arising from middle, ocelli visible dorsally, mesad of lateral margin of head, postero-lateral setae absent; pronotum about equally wide at base and apex, thoracic terga devoid of long setae; femora very robust; abdominal terga without long, dorsal setae, ninth tergum with a pair of median terminal setae as long as abdomen, lateral terminal setae as long as width of ninth tergum; sterna two to eight with a transverse row of six setae, the most lateral seta on each side longer, coarser, ventral extensions of terga with a long coarse seta on each side placed in line with the sternal setae. Twenty-nine primary larvae were found on twenty-two speci- mens of Andrena representing three species. In all cases the larvae were attached to the hairs of the sides of the propodeum and in only one case were they found on a male bee. The latter was a male of Andrena complexa Viereck in an area where the females had not yet emerged. The larvae were taken as follows: one each on five females of Andrena caerideonitens Ckll. collect- ing pollen from Taraxacum vulgare at Viola, Shasta County, California, on May 19, 1941, and one each on five females of the same species four miles west of Viola on May 20, 1941 ; one each on two females of Andrena sp. (near ribifloris V. & C.), APRIL, 1943] LINSLEY and michener— coleoptera 77 collecting pollen from Ribes inerme at Viola, May 19, 1941 (only 100 feet from the patch of Taraxadum. visited by infested Andrena caeruleonitens) four (three on one bee) found on two females of Andrena complexa Vier. collecting pollen from Ranunculus californicus, four miles west of Viola, May 20, 1941; twelve (two on one bee, five on another) taken from eight females of complexa, two miles west of Viola, May 20, 1941; and one from a male of the same species at Big Spring, Shasta County, May 23, 1911. In each of the above localities the same flowers were visited by numerous other bees, flies, etc., but no other insects were found bearing primary larvae of Meloe opacus. Males of Andrena werd also abundant, but except for the single specimen from Big Spring, no Meloe larvae were found on them. Like many other species of Meloe the adults of opacus have an early season. Two stragglers were found on May 20, a female, two miles west of Viola, about 500 yards from the area where infested specimens of Andrena complexa were collecting pollen, and a male, four miles west of Viola at a point about 300 yards from flowers visited by infested bees. The female was gravid but apparently did not still have her full complement of eggs. The eggs which she contained were of large size and for this reason, in addition to those given above, we have associated these larvae (rather than either of the following small species) with M. opacus. Meloe sp. a. Six primary larvae which appear to belong to the genus Meloe were taken on a female of Andrena sp. (near monogonoparia Vier.) nesting in a roadway in a Manzanita chute at Manzanita Lake, Lassen Volcanic National Park, May 25, 1941. The female was loaded with pollen from Arctostaphylos sp. and the meloid larvae were clustered on the propodeum. The larvae were about the same color as those of opacus but smaller (length 1 mm.) with the second antennal segment only about twice as long as its apical width, the third segment arising at one side of the apex of the second, and the pronotum widest at the apex. Also, there are two or more additional pairs of setae on the ventral extensions of the abdominal terga, the median apical setae of the ninth segment are perceptibly shorter than the abdomen, and the lateral terminal setae only two-thirds as long as the width of the ninth tergum, Meloe sp. b. Primary larvae of a third species were swept in large numbers from flowers of Ranunculus ccdiforrdcus at 78 PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XIX, NO. 2 Shingletown, Shasta County, California, on June 2, 1941. These are similar in size (length 1 mm.) to sp. a, but are more slender, black instead of pale brown, and have the two median terminal abdominal setae distinctly shorter than the abdomen and the lat- eral terminal setae only about one-third as long as the width of the ninth tergum. Although the flowers were being visited by large numbers of bees (mostly Andrena complexa Viereck, but also Panurginus, Halictus, etc.) several hundred samples were examined without finding any that were bearing primary larvae. On June 18, the locality was again visited. The larvae found were even more abundant but still none were taken from bees. In two small areas of ground about eight inches in diameter dense concentrations of larvae were found with from ten to twenty-five individuals lying among the stamens of each flower. Only open flowers were occupied although unopened buds were frequently higher on the plant. Occasional individuals were also found scattered through the field, always lying on the filament of the stamen facing the anther. The clustering of individuals in certain areas suggests that the females may have placed their eggs in the ground and the hatching larvae crawled up the plants. In the two areas mentioned the ground at the base of the plants was nearly saturated with moisture probably precluding its use as a nesting site for bees. Higher, more suitable ground, however, was within easy crawling distance for adult Meloe. On June 21, 1941, a last visit was made to the locality. Pri- mary larvae were still abundant but none were found on bees. When larvae were placed in contact with a specimen of Andrena complexa they made no attempt to take hold of the hair or climb on to the body. Apparently, if this species is actually a bee para- site, as its presence in flowers suggests, its host wasi not repre- sented in the bees present through June 21st. Pyrochroidae I scholia calif ornica Van Dyke. This recently described species was taken under bark of Douglas fir {P seudotsnga taxifolia) near Manzanita Lake, Lassen Volcanic National Park. Buprestidae Acmaeodera variegata Le Conte and A. purshiae Fisher. These two Great Basin species were taken at Hat Creek, Shasta County, California, on June 1, 1941. The former was collected on various APRIL, 1943] LINSLEY and michener— coleoptera 79 flowers, the latter beaten by A. Walz from Purshia. A. variagata is widely distributed in the intermountain region and apparently extends into California only as far as Trinity County in the northern part of the State. Ptinidae Ptinus californicus Pic. An adult of this species was taken from a cell series of Osmia lignaria (Say) in an old abandoned burrow of a cerambycid in a log of western yellow pine {Pinus ponderosa) near Manzanita Lake, Lassen Volcanic National Park. SCARABAEIDAE Odonteus obesus Le Conte. Several hundred pupae and a few larvae of this species were excavated from the sandy soil of an old road bed in the midst of a manzanita chute on June 6. One adult female was found at this time. The pupal cells averaged 8x7x15 mm. and were found at a depth of from 3 to 6 inches below the surface. Valgus californicus Horn. Adults of V. californicus were found in several localities in Shasta County in the nests of Zoo- termopsis nevadensis (Hagen). Atlas of Scale Insects Atlas of the Scale Insects of North America. By G. F. Ferris. Stanford Univeristy Press. Photolith. 8%xll inches. SI-1 to SIV-448, 1937-1942. Price, unbound, Ser. I, $6.75; II, $7.75; III, $6.75; IV, $5.75. Bound volumes $1.00’ extra. Separate folders, $0.06. This is, in effect a monograph of the Diaspidid scale insects of North and Central America and the West Indies. Considering the importance of this group of insects as pests of agricultural crops and considering the masterful and comprehensive treatment, it is the most important monograph on North American insects to appear in recent years. Illustrations are given for 345 of the 350' described species of Diaspididae of North America with 28 genera, 2i new names for old genera, and 118 new species. It is estimated that this repre- sents only one-third of the actual number of species occurring in the area. At the rate of one plate per day, a pace that no other entomological artist of my acquaintance could maintain, this rep- resents an epic in original monographic work. 80 PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XIX, NO. 2 The format has been variously received by a critical public. Each species account is treated as a distinct four-page unit or separate publication, complete with title page, scientific name, synonyms, hosts and distribution, habit, recognition characters, and notes. All essential characters are illustrated according to a standard system, the separate figures being strictly comparable throughout. Absence of literature citations to genera, species and their synonyms is the only shortcoming. Repetition of title page, the numerous blank pages, and the arrangement into four series with separate dates of publication and, in some cases separate binding, are not serious objections and were inherent in the nobly conceived original plan. Specialists in the scale insects will carry out the original plan, binding the separate folios in systematic order, although no such final arrangement has been provided by the author. Librarians and book collectors will prefer the four series as bound and issued in 1937, 1938, 1941, and 1942: respectively. Bibliographers will complain loudly when they attempt to cite the number of pages and number of figures, only to find that these are not numbered consecutively. In his “epilogue” the author states that in future series, if any, the “loose leaf” form will be abandoned. By far the most important single section is SIV-4‘46, “Classifi- cation and keys to the groups.” Of these 70 pages, the first 21 are devoted to general systematics of the Diaspididae and the re- mainder of the section contains complete keys to all forms. The story of this Atlas is in a sense the story of systematic entomology. Conceived in pure scientific zeal, born in a strictly aca- demic atmosphere completely free from administrative pressure, nurtured at great physical and financial sacrifice, this flower of systematic entomology bloomed in the sunshine of great popular acclaim. Then, despite the continued industry and enthusiasm of the originator, the flower faded for lack of support. It is all the more ironical when one considers that this is perhaps the most important single group of pests of agricultural crops. To quote the last lines of the epilogue, “If the world wants this Atlas of the Scale Insects of North America completed the world must find some( way td pay for it.” — ^R. L. Usinger. REVISTA DE ENTOMOLOGIA An International Review of Entomology An illustrated magazine published four times a year by THOMAZ BORGMEIER, O.F.M., devoted to entomology, mainly of the neo- tropical fauna. The volumes already published since 1931 comprise thousands of pages and contain articles by leading entomologists such as F. W. Edwards, W. Horn, E. Lindner, J. W. S. Macfie, E. Martini, A. da Costa Lima, F. Silvestri, C. Menozzi, A. Reichensperger, F. Santschi, J. D. Hood, etc., with a bibliography of the current literature (economic and non-economic) of the neotropical fauna. Annual subscription $4.00 U. S. ($5.00 U. S. through booksellers). All payments are in advance. The back volumes are still on sale; price of each volume 4 U. S. dollars; through booksellers 5 U. S. dollars. 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Vol. XIX July, 1943 No. 3 THE Pan. Pacific Entomologist Published by the Pacific Coast Entomological Society in co-operation with The California Academy of Sciences CONTENTS MAZZOTTI, TRIATOMA PHYLLOSOMA USINGERI 81 POTTS, HABITS OF AMBLYCHEILA CYLINDRIFORMIS SAY 85 ROSS. NEW LOWER CALIFORNIA MOSQUITO RECORDS 86 GALINDO AND KELLEY. CULEX (CULEX) THRIAMBUS DYAR 87 ESSIG, THE CALIFORNIA-LAUREL BORER 91 POTTS, HIBERNATION OF SCAPHINOTUS COLORADENSIS 92 STEYSKAL, OLD WORLD SEPSIDAE IN NORTH AMERICA 93 MICHENER, SEX ANOMALIES IN THE GENUS ASHMEADIELLA 96 VAN DYKE, ADDITIONAL NEW SPECIES OF COLEOPTERA 101 MALKIN, TWO NEW COCCINELLIDAE FROM OREGON 109 DE BACH, EFFECT OF STORAGE TEMPERATURE ON REPRODUCTION IN PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA 112 HOPPING, OBSERVATIONS ON BRACHYSOMIDA CORPULENTA 119 San Francisco, California 1943 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST EDITORIAL BOARD E. C. Van Dyke E. G. Linsley R. C. Miller Associate Editor Editor Treasurer R. L. UsiNGER* G. F. Ferris E. S. 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Domestic and foreign subscriptions $2.50 per year in advance. Price for single copies 75 cents. Make checks payable to “Pan-Pacific Ento- mologist.” INSECT BOXES Standard size black insect box with sides of box and cover made of lA" redwood. The top, bottom and shoulders are of heavy cardboard. Inside dimensions: I2%x8%x2% inches. Prices: 60 cents each. Lots of one dozen, 50 cents each. With Masonite bottom, 15 cents extra. With glass top, 50 cents extra. Prices for larger quantities on request. Unit boxes also manufactured Prices on application RAISIN AND THIEBAUT BROS., LTD. 346 First Street, San Francisco, Calif. Entered as second class matter, February 10, 1925, at the postofiice at San Francisco, California, under Act of August 24, 1912. I ■ L ■i V-r I l The Pan-Pacific Entomologist VOL. XIX, No. 3 July, 1943 TRIATOMA PHYLLOSOMA USINGERI, A NEW SUBSPECIES OF TRIATOMA FROM MEXICO^ BY LUIS MAZZOTTI Laboratory of Helminthology Institute of Health and Tro'pical Diseases, Mexico D. F. In an earlier work (Mazzotti and Osorio, 1942), based princi- pally upon several crossing experiments, we proposed that the Mexican triatomas, Triatoma pallidipennis (Stal),), Triatoma picturata Usinger, and Triatoma mazzottii Usinger, be considered as subspecies of Triatoma phyllosoma (Burmeister) . The new combinations would be as follows: Triatoma phyllosoma pallidi- pennis, Triatoma phyllosoma picturata, and Triatoma phyllo- soma mazzottii. In studying specimens of triatomas collected inAutlan, Jalisco, the place where we (Mazzotti, 1940) had indicated the presence of two different species, we found that the specimens which had been identified as picturata are similar structurally to those identified as pallidipennis. According to the key and distribution given by Usinger (1941) the specimens from Jalisco and Colima that have the greater part of the corium whitish correspond to the species pallidipen- nis and those that have the greater part of thei corium black, to the species picturata. From the examination of numerous specimens and from the results of new crossing experiments it appears that picturata of Autlan, Jalisco (Figure 1) and pallidipennis of Autlan, Jalisco (Figure 2) are two variations of the new subspecies described below. Triatoma phyllosoma usingeri, new subspecies A large, predominantly black subspecies with scant pilosity on the pronotum. Length of head, excluding neck region, more than double the greatest width at level of eyes. Anteocular portion four times as long as postocular portion. Tylus longer than half the anteocular * Translated by Dr. Iver Nelson of the University of California, Davis, Cali- fornia. , 82 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XIX, NO. 3 leng-th, fusiform, and enlarg^ed on its posterior third. Eyes, seen from above, a little more than half as wide as interocular space, 13:: 22. Ocelli prominent, each ocellus situated at the anterior end of an oblique elevation. Antennae inserted at middle of anteocular region; the first segment slightly surpassing apex of head; pro- portion of segments 15:45:40:35. Rostrum with short, fine hairs; curved inward} at its basal and middle segments and straight at apical segment; proportion of segments 20:33:12. Pronotum wider than long, 65:: 50; its length slightly less than that of head, excluding neck region. Antero-lateral tubercles coni- cal, apically obtuse, projecting outward and forward. Anterior inner tubercles smaller, located near mid-line and near anterior margin. Posterior external tubercles near lateral margin small. Posterior lobe of pronotum with obsolescent wrinkles, inner and outer carinae reduced. Scutellum scarcely broader than long, its posterior prolongation cylindrical-conical in form and rounded at apex. Hemelytra long, reaching anterior end of last abdominal seg- ment. Connexivum broad and semitransparent at the markings. Under surface covered with short hairs, longer toward front of thorax. Color black, except on the following regions : neck which has an ochraceous transverse margin; corium which is entirely whitish except for black apical portion and black membranous half of clavus; connexivum except for pale ochraceous markings which correspond in size and position on dorsal and ventral sides. Size: male, length 31 mm., maximum width (pronotum) 6.5 mm., maximum width (abdomen) 14 mm.; female, length 32 mm., maximum width (pronotum) 7 mm., maximum width (abdomen) 15 mm. Holotype, male, allotype, female, and six paratypes, in the collection of the Institute of Health and Tropical Diseases, col- lected hy the author in Autlan, Jalisco, with the kind collabo- ration of Dr. L. E. Villasenor. Additional specimens are at hand from Purificacion, Jalisco, and from Colima, Col. Two paratypes are deposited in the U. S. National Museum, two in the Institute Oswaldo Cruz, and two in the California Academy of Sciences. In several of the paratypes the corium is mostly black with a whitish< area basally and a smaller white area subapically, this last being absent in some specimens. A regular proportion of the specimens havef ochraceous on the postero-lateral angles of the pronotum. JULY, 1943] MAZZOTTI— TRIATOMA 83 This subspecies is dedicated to Dr. R. L. Usinger in recogni- tion of his valuable studies on American triatomas. Observations. This subspecies is differentiated from Triatoma phyllosoma pallidipennis in that the latter has abundant long hairs on the pronotum; usingeri has scant hairs on the pronotum and varies in color, the pronotum being entirely black or with ochraceous markings on the posterior angles and the corium also varying in distribution,! and size of markings. Pallidipennis does not exhibit these variations in coloration. It will be recalled that Stal (1872) , in describing pallidipen- nis, did not give the exact locality of origin of the specimen or specimens on which he based his description, merely stating that the species came from Mexico. Nevertheless, the fact that he mentioned pilosity and black color as principal characters seems to justify our conclusions that specimens from the State of Guer- rero and adjacent regions be considered as typical. Structurally usingeri is similar to picturata but it is differ- entiated biologically as indicated by the experiments presented below. Likewise the variations in coloration are different in these subspecies and the pale color of usingeri is whitd slightly tinged with yellow whereas the pale color of picturata is dis- tinctly orange. The subapical pale spots of the corium of the dark form of usingeri are smaller than the corresponding spots in picturata. Crossing experiments. The crossing experiments were con- ducted using the same methods explained in our previous article. According to the former experiments (Mazzotti and Osorio, 1942) the crossing of pallidipennis (collected in Guerrero and adjacent states) and picturata (from Nayarit) produced, among other examples, some specimens which have the appearance of both subspecies (Figure 3) and which should be designated as T. phyllosoma pallidipennis x T. phyllosoma picturata or the reverse when the male of the pair of parents is picturata. These mixed specimens also have been obtained in crossing experiments with specimens from Autlan. To facilitate the pres- entation we shall designate these mixed examples as pxp. In table I “picturata” and “pallidipennis” from Autlan are the forms of usingeri which resemble picturata and pallidipennis respectively. 84 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XIX, NO. 3 TABLE I Crossing Experiments between subspecies of Triatoma phyltosoma. NUMBER SUBSPECIES CROSSED RESULTS Experiment $ pallidipennis from Among other specimens 1 Apatzingan, Gro. $ “picturata” from are several pxp. Autlan, Jal. Experiment $ “pallidipenns” from Among other specimens 2 Autlan, Jal. are several pxp. $ picturata from Trapiche, Nay. Experiment $ “pallidipennis” from There are no pxp speci- 3 Autlan, Jal. mens among the de- $ “picturata” from scendants. Autlan, Jal. Experiment $ picturata from Among other specimens 4 Trapiche, Nay. $ “picturata” from are several pxp. Autlan, Jal. Results. The result of experiment 1 suggests that the ^‘pic- turata’ specimens from Autlan, Jalisco, behave like picturata from Trapiche, Nay., since in being crossed with pallidipennis of Guerrero, they produced pxp individuals. Experiment 2, in its turn, suggests that “pallidipennis” of Autlan behaves like palli- dipennis from the state of Guerrero, since on being crossed with picturata of Nayarit, it produces pxp specimens. From these two separate experiments it might be concluded that the two subspecies, pallidipennis and picturata, occur side by side in Autlan, Jalisco. Nevertheless, experiment No. 3 modifies the above conclusion because the crossing of “pallidipennis” and picturata^’ of Aut- lan does not produce pxp specimens and furthermore such speci- mens have not been found in repeated collections from Autlan, notwithstanding the fact that these two supposed species occur together in nature. Finally, experiment No. 4 shows that “picturata” from Autlan is different biologically from picturata of Nayarit because crosses between these two result in pxp specimens similar to those obtained in crosses between pallidipennis of Guerrero and picturata of Nayarit. Although we have made no crossing experiments between pal- lidipennis of Guerrero and “pallidipennis” of Autlan, it is pos- JULY, 1943] MA ZZOTTI— TRIATOMA 85 sible to differentiate one from other by soma structural details and by the variations in coloration, exhibited by “ pallidipenriis” of Autlan but not seen in pallidipennis of Guerrero. In resume the subspecies usingeri ( = ^^pallidipennis” and “pictnrata” of Autlan) exhibits two extreme variations which mix with pallidipennis and pictnrata” This subspecies is dif- ferentiated from the true pallidipennis by structural characters and is separated from the true pictnrata by color and biologi- cal characters, the crosses with this last subspecies producing pxp specimens which are not found in the offspring of crosses between the two variations of usingeri. Crosses between the two variations of usingeri result in offspring which, look like the parents. References Mazzotti, L. 1940. Triatomideos de Mexico y su infeccion natural por Trypanosoma cruzi. Medicina Rev. Mex. XX, No. 358:95 110 . Mazzotti, L. and M. T. Osorio. 1942. Cruzamientos experimentales entre varias especies de triatomas. Medicina Rev. Mex. XXII, No. 412:215-220. StM, C. 1872. Enumeratio Hemipterorum. 2 Kongl. Svenska Vet.- Akad. Handl. 10, No. 4:110-111. Usinger, R. L. 1941. Notes and descriptions of Neotropical Tria- tominae. Pan-Pac. Ent., 17 : 49-58. Habits of Amblycheila cylindriformis Say A colony of these was located near the Denver Municipal Airport, Colorado. The species hides during the day in yucca qlumps, the greatest emergence being about the time of the first real dark. By circling the clumps with a flashlight they were taken in considerable numbers. A prairie dog colony is found nearby, but in this instance at least, specimens were rarely found around dog holes, the yucca being much the preferred habitat. While cylindriformis is carnivorous it may also consume some vegetable matter. Individuals were commonest when the yucca blooms are falling, and were frequently discovered carefully shredding the dried petals. It appeared they were consuming a portion of this material, although this could not be exactly de- termined since the flashlight usually interrupted their activity. Incidentally, the shredding process is noisy and specimens were often located by sound at quite a distance. — ^Robert W. L. Potts. 86 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XIX, NO. 3 NEW AND ADDITIONAL LOWER CALIFORNIA MOSQUITO RECORDS (Diptera, Culicidae) BY EDWARD S. ROSS California Academy of Sciences The following additional records of Lower California mos- quitoes are based on material collected by G. E. Bohart and the writer during the 1941 California Academy of Sciences Expedi- tion to Lower California. The three new records: Aedes varipal- pus, PsoTophoTa discolor, and Psorophora signipennis, bring the nmnber of species known from the peninsula to twelve.^ (1) Anopheles {Anopheles) p. pseudo punctipennis Theobald. Agua Caliente (Cape Region), Oct. 18, 1941, female, at light. (2) Aedes (Ochlerotatus) taeniorynchus (Wiedemann). Coy- ote Cove, Concepcion Bay, October 1, 1941, one female at light. (3) Aedes (Finlaya) varipalpus (Coquillett) . La Laguna, Sierra Laguna (Cape Region) , October 14, 1941, females, biting. This species was collected in a pine-oak forest at 6,200 feet elevation, a locality characterized by its Upper Sonoran biota isolated by several hundred miles of desert from comparable environments in the San Pedro Martir Mountains of the north. (4) Aedes (Kompia) purpureipes Aitken. Three miles south of La Paz, October 7, 1941, two females, at light. (5) Psorophora {Grahhamia) discolor (Coquillett). Cani- pole. Sierra Giganta, October 2, 1941, three males at light. (6) Psorophora {Grahhamia) signipennis (Coquillett). Cani- pole, October 2, 1941, a pair, at light; 15 miles south of San Domingo, Magdalena Plain, October 4, 1941, one female, at light; 3 miles S. of La Paz, October 7, 1941, female, at light. The genus Psorophora is here recorded from the peninsula for the first time. Both species were collected in localities which had experienced recent rains. Species of the genus appear to be rarer and seldom collected in the southwestern desert regions because their normal breeding places, temporary ground puddles, often dry up too quickly following the sporadic rains to permit com- plete development. ^ Aitken, T. H. G., 1942. Contributions toward a knowledge of the insect fauna of Lower California, No. 6, Diptera: Culicidae. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (4) 24:161-170. JULY, 1943] GALINDO AND KELLEY— CULEX 87 CULEX iCULEX) THRIAMBUS DYAR A NEW MOSQUITO RECORD FOR CALIFORNIA (Diptera, Ciilicidae) BY PEDRO GALINDO AND THOMAS F. KELLEY University of California,, Berkeley Cidex thriambus was described by Dyar in 1921 from adults and larvae collected at Kerrville, Texas. A year later, however, he stated: “The species {thriambus) is close to stigmatosoma and may be an eastern race of it.” Finally in view of the simi- larity of the male terminalia of the two forms, thriambus was placed by its describer (1928) as a synonym of Culex stigma- tosoma Dyar, but in a discussion of the latter species he added: “The Texas form thriambus has the) hairs single on the air-tube of the larva, and is presumably entitled to subspecific rank.” Aitken (1940) reported several records of Culex restuans Theobald (as territans Walker) from California, but stated that females and larvae from this state differ in several respects from typical eastern restuans. On the other hand, males, females and larval skins collected by one of us (P.G.) in southern California agree well with descriptions of C. restuans, except for the pres- ence of very narrow tarsal rings, which, according to Dr. Alan Stone {in litt.), are also present in a good number of eastern specimens of this species. Suspecting that Aitken (loc. cit.) had a mixture of two species, the authors reexamined his material and found only two females of C. restuans (Riverside, Calif., W. C. Reeves coll.) the rest being all C. thriambus Dyar, a mos- quito previously imknown outside of Texas. Culex (Culex) thriambus Dyar Culex {Culex) thriambus Dyar, 1921, Ins. Ins. Mens., 9:33. Dyar, 1922, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 62:22. Culex (Culex) stigmatosoma var. thriambus, Edwards, 1932, Gen. Insect. Fasc. 194:206. Culex (Culex) stigmatosoma, Dyar, 1928 (partim), Mosq. of the Amer., p. 368. Aitken, 1942 (partim),, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 24:169. Culex stigmatosoma, Matheson, 1929 (partim). Handbook Mosq. No. Amer., p. 176. Culex territans, Aitken, 1940 (nec. Walker), Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 42:146. 88 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XIX, NO. 3 Notes on California Material. Female. As described by Dyar. The white patch on the underside of the proboscis is seen to extend around the sides in some specimens, hut a complete ring is never formed. The extent and color of the pale rings on the hind tarsi vary; specimens from Riverside and Orange Counties have very narrow and brownish rings similar to those present in C. restuans, while specimens from Kern County show rather broad whitish rings and the fifth tarsal joint is occasion- ally entirely white as in C. tarsalis Coquillett. The markings on the venter are as described by Dyar for Texas specimens, and appear to be rather constant. Male terminalia. As stated by Dyar {loc. cit.) the male ter- minalia of thriambus is very similar to that of stigmatosoma; there are, however, some constant differences which justify the separation of these two mosquitoes as distinct species. The sub- apical lobe of the basistyle is rounded in stigmatosoma and there is a long seta between the three rods and the leaf-like appendage; in thriambus, on the other hand, the subapioal lobe is conically produced, and the seta between the three rods and the leaf -like appendage is absent. Dr. Alan Stone, who has examined Dyar’s types of C. thriambus and other specimens of this species col- lected by Lt. E. S. Ross in Texas, informs us that male specimens in this material also lack the long seta between the rods and the leaf. Larva. The larva of C. thriambus undoubtedly offers the best characters for the separation of the species. The air-tube is long; in 38 specimens examined the average siphonal index was 6.2; in the same number of stigmatosoma larvae measured the average siphonal index was only 5.0. The tufts on the air-tube are re- duced to single hairs in thriambus, although some specimens col- lected in the Kern River Canyon show one and, rarely two, 2- haired tufts; in stigmatosoma the tufts on the tube are always multiple. The lateral abdominal hairs of segments III to VI also differ in these two species, being triple in stigmatosoma and double in thriambus. Dr. Alan Stone kindly compared some of our larvae with Ross’ material from Texas and found them identical. Discussion of the Species. Culex thriambus Dyar has often been confused in California with Culex restuans Theobald, due to the reduction of the siphonal tufts of the larva to single hairs, JULY, 1943] GALINDO AND KELLEY— CULEX 89 and to the unhanded proboscis of the female. The species is, however, a closer relative of C. stigmatosoma Dyar as evidenced by male terminalia characters. Dyar’s opinion that thriamhus represents an eastern race of stigmatosoma is no longer accept- able, since both forms occur in California where they may be separated with certainty on larval, adult, and male terminalia characters. In view of these facts the writers feel justified in elevating thriamhus to specific rank again. Following are the known records of C. thriamhus in Califor- nia: Marysville, Butte County, (U. S. Pub. Health Service), Oc- tober, 1942; San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo County, (Aitken, Reeves, Dommes), July 31, 1940; Nipannawasee, Madera County, (T. H. G. Aitken), (No date); Kaweah River, Tulare County, (T. H. G. Aitken), May 11, 1939; Bakersfield, Kern County, (F. L. Hayes), February 7, 1941; Kem River Canyon, Kem County, (Galindo, Kelley, Aarons), August 1, 1942; San Juan River, Orange County, (P. Galindo), September 2, 1942; Santa Rosa Summit (elev. 5,000 ft.). Riverside County, (P. Galindo), September 4, 1942. Key to California Species of Culex with Ringed Tarsi 1 . 2 . 3. 1 . 2. Females Proboscis ringed with white, tarsal rings broad 2 Proboscis with a white patch underneath, not completely ringed; tarsal rings usually narrow 8 With a white line on outside of femora and tibiae; a V-shaped dark marking on venter of! each abdominal segment tarsalis Without white line on outside of femora and tibiae; an oval dark spot on venter of each abdominal segjnent.... stigmatosoma Tarsal rings brownish and very narrow, venter of abdominal segments II to VI white basally, black apically restuans Tarsal rings usually white, variable in size; venter of abdom- inal segments II to VI with triangular dark markings thriamhus Larvae Air-tube with several single hairs, and at most a single pair of 3-haired tufts 2 Air-tube with several pairs of multiple hair-tufts 3 Antennae evenly tapered, antennal tufts at or near the middle of antennae; lateral abdominal hairs of segments IV and V single; subdorsal hairs of these segments also single.... restuans Antennae not evenly tapered, antennal tufts distinctly beyond the middle of antennae; lateral abdominal hairs of segments IV and V double; subdorsal hairs of these segments 3- or 4- branched thriamhus 90 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XIX, NO. 3 3. Air-tube evenly tapered; all tufts of tube in a line, basal tuft beyond the pecten tarsalis Air-tube not evenly tapered; penultimate tuft moved laterad out of line, basal tuft within the pecten stigmatosoma Male Terminalia 1. Leaf of subapical lobe of basistyle modified, club-like; outer spines of paraprocts blunt and broad tarsalis Leaf of subapical lobe of basistyle normal; outer spines of paraprocts pointed 2 2. Subapical lobe of basistyle with three rods, a leaf and a seta ^...thriambus Subapical lobe of basistyle with three rods, a long* seta, a leaf and a seta 3 3. Lobes of the ninth tergite well developed, mound-like. Lateral plate of the phallosome with a curved, spine-like inner arm and a short and blunt outer* arm; some small denticles between the two processes restuans Lobes of the ninth tergite rudimentary, represented by rows of long hairs ; lateral plate of the phallosome with an erect and pointed inner arm with a slight knob at about the middle; outer arm rounded at tip, with serrated inner border, four hooks on the dorsal aspect and a long, club-like arm from the base. stigmatosoma References Aitken, T. H. G. 1940. On Aedes nigromaculis (Ludlow), Aedes increpitus Dyar and Culex territans Walker from California. Proc. Ent. Soc. W^sih., 42:146. Aitken, T. H. G. 1942. Contributions toward a knowledge of the insect fauna of Lower California. Part VI. Diptera, Culici- dae. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 24:168. Dyar, H. G. 1921. Eing-legged Culex in Texas. Ins. Ins. Mens., 9:32-34. Dyar, H. G. 1922. The Mosquitoes of the United States. U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc., 62:22-23. Dyar, H. G. 1928. The Mosquitoes of the Americas. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pub. 387 pp. 368-369. Edwards, F. W. 1932. Diptera, Fam. Culicidae. Wystman’s Genera Insectorum Fasc. 194 p. 206. Freeborn, S. B. 1926. The Mosquitoes of California. Univ. of Calif. Pub., Tech. Bui., 3:438-442. Matheson, R. 1929. Handbook of the Mosquitoes of North America. Charles C. Thomas, Publisher, p. 176. JITLY, 1943] ESSIG— CALIFORNIA-LAUREL BORER 91 THE CALIFORNIA-LAUREL BORER, ROSALIA FUNEBRIS MOTS. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) BY E. O. ESSIG University of California, Berkeley A few days ago I received about 150 specimens of this rather rare and beautiful beetle from F. H. Wymore who collected them in and about a commercial paint shop at Ukiah, California, during the summer of 1939. This is no doubt the most remark- able feat in the collection of this beetle ever noted and the cir- cumstances involved are worthy of recording. For this purpose Mr. Wymore has kindly furnished the following information which I am pleased to quote with slig'ht changes. “I am sorry I have no definite data at hand relative to just when the beetles were collected. However, as near as I can rec- ollect they were taken during a hot spell the latter part of July and the first part of August, 1939. This idea correlates with temperature records for the period of July 20 to August 6 in- clusive. During the six days from July 20-25 inclusive the tem- perature averaged 104.83° F. with a range of 101° F. to 108° F. Then again from July 31 to August 6 (7 days) the average temperature was 101.57° F. with a range of 100° F. to 106° F. The five days between the hotter periods had an average of 94.4° F. with a range of 92° F. to 97° F. The minimum temperature during this period of 18 days averaged 53.05° F. with a range of 48° F. to 58° F. “The principal flight of the beetles, of course, was in the heat of the day with a few active about the lights during the warmer evenings. In regard to the beetles showing preferences to ma- terials in the paint shop there was a decided concentration of them in the comer of the shop where the paint vapors were most noticeable and the odor of amylacetate was strongest. In this environment the beetles scampered about in a rather excited manner and copulation was quite common. Once the beetles moved 25-50 feet beyond the area of concentrated paint vapors (which were very strong during this hot period) they became quiet and remained in a given location for periodls of a few minutes to one or two hours depending upon the temperature and concentration of the light in the spot in which they came to rest. In some instances the beetles missed the paint shop 92 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XIX, NO. 3 entirely, as they flew in, and alighted on buildings across the street and even halfway down the block, “As to where these beetles emerged from, your guess is as good as mine. I thought at first they might be coming from a stump pile, consisting of several cords of stumps of various kinds of trees for fireplace use directly across the street from the paint shop. I made several observations about the stumps at various times of the day but was never able to find a single beetle in this environment. “I had never before seen so many of these more or less rare beetles in all my entomological experiences and have observed only an occasional beetle in this locality since that year.” (Ukiah, California, March 10, 1943.) Ukiah is located in the Russian River Valley in the midst of the Coast Range Mountains. In this region there are dense and extensive growths of all the known host plants of this beetle including the California laurel, U mhellularia calif ornica Nutt., Oregon ash, Fraxinus oregona Nutt., coast live oak, Quercus agrifolia Nee., California black oak, Quercus kelloggii Newb., the arroyo willow, Salix lasiolepis Benth., and the rarer low- land fir, Abies grandis Lindl. This beetle has always been considered a prize by amateur and experienced collectors alike, and large series are rare in collections. I well remember my first specimen — a large female resting with legs and antennae extended on the green moss- covered trunk of a large California laurel tree at Camp Grant near Dyerville, Humboldt County, California, in 1907. Since then I have taken only one other living specimen. Hibernation of Scaphinotus coloradensis Van Dyke I have several times discovered this species hibernating in moderately damp regions along stream beds near the eastern foothills of the Colorado Rockies. One February, along the Platte River near Littleton, nine specimens were found in two rotten cottonwood logs. These had deteriorated to the soft stage, and in one or two cases the cychrids had worked themselves some six or eight inches into the punky material. Only one or two specimens were ever located during their more active summer period. — Robert W. L. Potts. JULY, 1943] STEYSKAL— SEPSIDAB 93 OLD WORLD SEPSIDAE IN NORTH AMERICA, WITH A KEY TO THE AMERICAN GENERA (Diptera) BY GEORGE STEYSKAL Detroit, Michigan Sepsis simplex Goetghebuer and Bastin Sepsis simplex Goetg-hebuer and Bastin, 1925, Bull, et Ann. Soc. ent. Belg-., 65:128, 132, pi. 1, f. 7. (S. simplex Frey, 1925, Notulae Ent., 5:71-75, f. 9. A male specimen captured on Isle Royale, Michigan, August 3-7, 1936, by Cujrtis W. Sabrosky, was found to agree well with Fig. 1. Decachaetophora aeneipes De Meijere, left profile of hypopygium and anterior view of right fore femur and tibia of male. the original description of S. simplex and with Frey’s figure of the male hypopygium. The species was described from Belgium and was stated by Frey to occur throughout Finland. Decachaetophora aeneipes De Meijere Sepsis aeneipes De Meijere, 1913, Ann. Mus. Nat. HuUgt., 11:119. Decachaetophora aeneipes Duda, 1925, Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 39:27, 40 (Decachaetophora keyed and described); 1926, 1. c., 40:45, pi. 5, f. 54 (species described and figured). Two male Sepsidae of a species found abundant on Iris plants 94 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XIX, NO. 3 in a garden in the vicinity of White Swan, Washington (south- east of Yakima) , on October 8, 1941, were kindly submitted by D. Elmo Hardy to the writer for determination. The specimens, in good condition, agree very well with De Meijere’s and Duda’s descriptions. Duda’s figure of the fore leg of the male agrees well with our specimens, but inasmuch as no figure of the male hypopygium has been published figures of both a fore leg and the hypopygium of one of our male specimens is here given to facilitate recognition of the species and a check of its identity with Oriental material. Duda states that the scutellum is twice as long as broad, but this must be erroneous, the reverse being intended. The species has been recorded from Formosa, Japan and northern India. Enicita annulipes Meigen Sepsis annulipes Meigen, 1826, Syst. Beschr., 5:292. Enicita annulipes Johnson, 1925, Occas. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 7:266. E. annulipes Duda, 1925, Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 39:70, 142, pi. 1, ff. 3, 4b. E. elegamtipes Ouellet, 1940, Le Naturaliste Canadien, 67:225- 228, f. 1 (new synonym). , Comparison of paratype material of E. elegantipes kindly fur- nished by Prof. Ouellet with the detailed description and figures of Duda leaves no doubt concerning the synonymy with this European species. Johnson has recorded E. annulipes from Fort Kent, Maine. For the convenience of students who may have difl&culty in gaining access to the literature of the Sepsidae the following key to the American genera is given. The rather narrow generic limits of Duda are largely followed and some of the genera in- cluded may prove untenable. Palaeosepsis has been rejected by Malloch and Curran, but the distinction has proven useful for the separation of neotropical material. Key to the American Genera of Sepsidae 1. First and second basal cells united Saltella R.-D. (Pandora Hal.) [One species. S', scutellaris Fallen, in North America.] First and second basal cells separated 2 2. Postocular and mesopleural bristles lacking (Themira group). .3 At least mesopleural bristles always present : 6 JULY, 1943 ] STEYSKAL— SEPSroAE 95 3. Humeral bristle long and strong Themira Rob.-Desv. Humeral bristle lacking ^ 4 4. Occiput in profile shallowly rounded, front and occipital tan- gents crossing at a very obtuse angle ; thorax dully shining 5 Occiput swollen; frontal and occipital tangents crossing at almost a right angle; thoracic dorsum shining black, sometimes more or less lightly brown pruinose Enicomira Duda [One species, E. minor Haliday.] 5. Abdomen shorter than wings; sternopleura entirely pruinose; fifth abdominal tergite of male with strong marginal bristles. Enicita Westwood Abdomen longer than the short, narrow wings; sternopleura shining black; fifth tergite of male without strong marginal bristles Cheligaster Macquart [One species, C. leachi Mg. (Europe).] 6. One strong orbital bristle on each side; abdomen of both sexes without macrochaetae 7 Orbital bristle minute or absent; humeral bristle present 9 7. Humeral bristle lacking; vibrissae duplicate; abdomen not con- stricted laterally between second and third segments Decachaetophora Duda. [One species, D. aeneipes De Meijere.] Humeral bristle present 8 8. Only one pair of strong dorsocentral bristles and one pair O'f strong vibrissae; abdomen without constriction between second and third segments Meroplius Rondani [One species, M. stercorarius Rob.-Desv.] Three pairs each of strong dorsocentrals and vibrissae; ab- domen constricted between second and third segments Meropliosepsis Duda [One species,, M. sexsetosa Duda (Costa Rica).] 9. Fore femur of both sexes not emarginate, with or without bristles in rows 10 Fore femur of male more or less cut out below 11 10. Second longitudinal vein with a large, oval black spot at end; venter and mid and hind femora of male with long, thick hairs Sepsidimorpha Frey [One North American species, S- secunda Melander and Spuler.] Second longitudinal vein not spotted at end Nemopoda Rob.-Desv. [One recognized North American species, N. cylindrica, Fabr.] 11. Abdomen of both sexes without distinct macrochaetae, although sometimes with somewhat longer and stronger hairs on the hind margins of the tergites and strong anal bristles; end of second longitudinal vein not spotted; sternopleura pruinose only on upper border Palaeosepsis Duda. Abdomen of the male, often the female also, with distinct mac- rochaetae; end of second longitudinal vein with a dark spot; sternopleura entirely pruinose Sepsis Fallen. 96 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XIX, NO. 3 SEX ANOMALIES IN THE GENUS ASHMEADIELLA (HYMENOPTERA) WITH NOTES ON THE HOMOLOGIES BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE GENITAL APPENDAGES BY CHARLES D. MICHENER American Museum of Natural History, New York City Comparable sex anomalies of two different species of the genus Ashmeadiella [A. {Ashmeadiella) opuntiae (Cockerell) and A. {Chilosima) rhodognatha Cockerell] were collected in the desert portion of Riverside County, California, during the spring of 1936. Both individuals are bilaterally symeterical and present a blending of male and female characteristics, with, in addition, certain features common to both intersexes but not found in normal specimens of either sex. The two anomalous individuals are primarily female although the mandibles are of a modified malel type and the claws are cleft as in males. The sixth abdomi- nal terga show at least suggestions of the dentation found in normal males (figs. 5 and 10). The clypeus of each is abnorm- ally produced, with its anterior margin thickened and crenulate (figs. 2 and 8), in a manner different from normal individuals of either sex. Furthermore, the mandibles are shorter than in either sex and have a large rounded, somewhat irregular thick- ening or tubercle, not found in either sex, on their outer surfaces immediately hasad of the teeth. It is an interesting suggestion that these two similarly anomalous specimens collected in the same area at virtually the same time may have been the result of comparable environmental conditions of some sort. More complete descriptions of the characteristics which vary intersexually are given below. Unfortunately, from the stand- point of an examination of internal organs, both specimens were pinned and dried before their anomalous features were observed. Ashmeadiella rhodognatha Cockerell Facial pubescence as dense as in female; antennae twelve- segmented as in female; clypeus more strongly produced than in either sex, its apical margin thickened, irregularly ujidulate; mandibles tridentate, strongly thickened just before teeth, shorter than those of normal male; mesocutum rather coarsely punctate as in female; tarsal claws cleft, as in male; sixth tergum (mor- phological seventh) with posterior margin strongly bilobed medi- JULY, 1943 ] MICHENER— SEX ANOMALIES 97 ally and with a small lobe at either side (thus intermediate be- tween male and female); abdominal sterna without scopa, the fourth (morphological fifth) with three small lobes along its posterior margin, which is entire in normal specimens of both sexes; sterna beyond the sixth absent, as in female. The pecu- liar seventh and eighth terga and genitalia are discussed below. Five miles west of Indio, Riverside County, California, April 10, 1936, on flowers of Prosopis chilensis, collected by the author. Ashmeadiella opuntiae (Cockerell) Similar to normal female, antennae being twelve-segmented; clypeus more strongly produced and more broadly truncate than in either sex, its apical margin thickened and irregularly undu- late; mandibles slightly shorter than in normal male, thickened and tuberculate just before teeth, apices bidentate, inner tooth small; tarsal claws cleft, as in male; sixth (morphological seventh) tergum similar to that of female but with four feeble lobes, suggesting the characteristic teeth of the male; sternal scopa present, somewhat sparse; sting and associated organs as in female. Cathedral City, Riveride County, California, April 9, 1936, on Echinocactus cylindraceus, collected by Dr. E. G. Linsley to whom I am indebted for the opportunity to study this specimen. As may be seen from these descriptions, the specimen of opuntiae closely approaches the normal female, while that of rhodognatha falls near the midpoint between the two sexes. It may be supposed that each intersex developed as one sex for a part of its life, after which it developed as the opposite sex. A study of the genital structures of the intersexual individual of rhodognatha, in which these parts are involved in the anom- aly, is highly interesting and possibly significant in establishing the homologies of these parts. Since many other structures of the insect present a condition intermediate between that of the male and that of the female, it may be assumed that the genital struc- tures, being different from those of the normal female, also ap- proach the condition found in the male. A superficial examination indicates that this supposition is correct As will be seen from a study of figures 11 and 12, the eighth (counting the propodeum as first) tergum is larger and its parts more closely approximate in the intersex than in a normal female, while the ninth tergum is smaller than in the normal 98 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [yOL. XIX, NO. 3 female. Both of these are modifications in the direction of male- ness. In the intersex the first valvifers are much reduced in size, Explanation of Figures 1. Lower portion of face of Ashmeadiella rhodognatha Cockerell, female. 2, Same, intersex. 3, Same, male. 4. Apex of seventh tergum of Ashmeadiella rhodognatha Cock- erell, female. 5, Same, intersex. 6, Same, male. 7. Lower portion of face of Ashmeadiella opuntiae (Cockerell), female. 8, Same, intersex. 9, Same, male. 10. Apex of seventh tergum of Ashmeadiella opuntiaei (Cocker- ell), inter sex. 11. Sting and associated structures (omitted on right side) of Ashmeadiella, female. JULY, 1943] MICHENER— SEX ANOMALIES 99 and instead of actually articulating with the ninth tergum and second valvifers, their angles merely approach the points of articulation on these sclerites and are separated from them by small membranous intervals. Furthermore, the first valvulae are blunt and loosely curled anteriorly, not forming stylets in the sting. If these reductions are in the direction of the male, it may be assumed that the first valvifers and valvulae disappear in the male, and it is true that no homologues of these structures are present in that sex, the eighth abdominal segment, as in other male Pterygota, being devoid of appendages. The second valvi- fers of the intersex lack the usual posterior processes and articu- late with the second valvulae directly at their posterior inner angles. The third valvulae are immovably fused at the extreme anterior ends of the second valvifers, although in the female they are articulated subapically. The second valvulae are fused and swollen basally, somewhat as in the female, but are slightly separated at the apices. The appenadges of the ninth abdominal segment, that is, the second valvifers with the second and third valvulae, in this inter- sexual individual bear a strong resemblance to the genital arma- ture of the male (figure 14) . If this resemblance indicates homology (and from the standpoint of position with regard to adjacent sclerites there is no reason to believe that it does not), tjhe basal ring (cardo) must represent the fused basal parts of the coxopodites (second valvifers) of the ninth abdominal seg- ment. The claspers or lateral portions of the male genital arma- ture, two-segmented in most Hymenoptera but fused into un- 12. Eighth and ninth terga and appendages of eighth and ninth segments (omitted on right side) of Ashoneadiella rhodognatha Cockerell, intersex. 13. Eighth tergum of Ashmeadiella, male. 14. Genitalia of Ashmeadiella, male, ventral view, apex upward to correspond to positions of genital appendages of female and intersex. 15. Ninth tergum of Ashmeadiella, male. 8, eighth hemitergite; 9, ninth hemitergite; Ivf., first valvifer; Iva., first valvula; 2vf., second valvifer; 2va., second valvulae; g5., gonostylus; gc., gonocardo; p., penis valve. Abdominal seg- ments are numbered with the propodeum as one, the first meta- somal segment as two. 100 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XIX, NO. 3 jointed organs in the Megachilidae, represent the remainders of the second valvifers and the third valvulae; the third valvnlae of the female are thus the homologues of the styli (or parameres of Snodgrass, 1941, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., 99(14) :1 8) of the male genitalia. Furthermore the penis valves or sclerotizations of the median part of the male genitalia may be homologous to the second valvulae of the female. Thus, in contrast to recent opinions (Snodgrass, 1935, Principles of insect morphology, ix -|- 667 pp., 319 figs., McGraw-Hill Book Co.; 1941, Smithson- ian Misc. Coll., 99(14) :l-86, 6 figs., 33 pis.) all these sclerotic organs would be regarded as periphallic and appendicular in origin, and the membranous intromittent organ itself is the only phallic structure in the male genitalia of the Hymenoptera. Popov (1935, Rev. Ent. U.R.S.S., p. 162) figures the genitalia of a specimen of Andrena in which all the female structures were present and in addition the male genital structures of the right side of the body. This suggests that the entire male genital aramture is phallic in origin since the appendage of the right side of the ninth abdominal segment could hardly produce both male and female structures complete. However, too much weight should not bq placed on such an asymeterical monstrosity, and indeed Popov (1937, Bull. Acad. Sci. U.R.S.S., pp. 487-498) in another paper gives figures of a gynandromorphic Halictus which suggests the same homologies between male and female genital structures as are indicated by the intersexual Ashmediella. These same homologies have also been strongly supported by comparative studies of the structures of other insects which will be reported upon in another paper. They are summarized thus : FEMALE first valvifer first valvula (gonapophysis) second valvifer second valvula (gonapophysis) third valvula or gonostylus MAJLE absent absent cardo and gonocoxite (or basal segment of outer clasper) penis valve? gonostylus (or distal segment of outer clasper) JULY, 1943 ] VAN DYKE— NEW COLEOPTEKA 101 ADDITIONAL NEW SPECIES OF WEST AMERICAN COLEOPTERA BY EDWIN C. VAN DYKE California Academy of Sciences Family Buprestidae Acmaeodera linsleyi Van Dyke, new species Elongate, subcylindrical, of moderate size; bronzed, the head, pronotum and underside with a greenish tinge, the elytra a bit brownish; head and pronotum somewhat densely clothed with fine, long, fulvous pile, elytra less dense but similarly clothed and the underside moderately clothed with gray, more or less inclined pubescence ; the prothorax generally immaculate though often with a small, yellow spot at the sides behind the middle, the elytra with yellow markings of a somewhat stable type as follows: a small spot at the side below the humeral umbone ; an oblique band behind the umbone, reaching the third interval where generally expanded both in front and behind and outwardly reaching the margin and continued backwards for a short distance; a second and broad transverse or slightly oblique patch at the middle, reaching from the margin to about the third or fourth interval; a narrower oblique bar between the above and the apex, touching the margin but not the suture, and generally a small spot on the margin in front of it which is sometimes united with it; and a subapical lunate spot, often united along the margin with the preceding or sometimes interrupted. Head coarsely, approximately punctured, feebly longitudinally impressed at middle and transversely im- pressed at base of clypeus; the antennae reaching middle of pro- thorax, segments 5-11 serrate. Prothorax almost twice as broad as long, somewhat wider than elytra, apical margin biemarginate, the median lobe quite evident, sides arcuate or subangulate, the mar- gin narrow, not reflexed and scarcely visible posteriorly, as seen from above, the base transverse; the disk rather coarsely, closely, often approximately punctured, the median longitudinal impres- sion well marked and the oblique impressions within the hind angles also’ quite evident. El 3 rtra about twice as long as broad, sides almost parallel or feebly sinuate from base to behind the middle, thence narrowed to apex; the disk with triangular depres- sion at middle of base, the humeral umbone quite prominent, a small impression just within, the striae shallowly impressed and moderately coarsely, rather deeply and closely punctured, intervals flattened at center, feebly convex at sides and the third sometimes elevated and carinated at base. Beneath, coarsely, densely punc- tured in front, more finely, less denslely punctured on ventral plates. Prostemum broadly, feebly, sinuate on anterior margin. 102 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XIX, NO. 3 Last ventral with thin somewhat transverse ventral plate. Length, 6.5-9 mm.; breadth, 2.5-3. 5 mm.; average, 8 mm. long by 3 mm. wide. Holotype (No. 5336, Mus. C. A. S. Ent.) and numerous desig- nated paratypes from a series of over one hundred specimens, collected by E. G. Linsley, E. S. Ross and other at PiNON Flat, San Jacinto Mountains, Riverside County, California, on variousi days during May, 1939. This species belongs in the Acmaeodera sinuatae group, al- though the sinuation of the anterior margin of the prosternum is feeble. According to Fall’s key, this species would run close to convicta Fall but it bears no close resemblance to that or any other member of that group except possibly some specimens of hephurni Lee. It is in general more cylindrical, has the pro- thorax always slightly broader than elytra, and the elytral mark- ings, more sharply outlined, generally somewhat transverse, and suggesting to a certain degree the markings of flavostica Horn. Most of the specimens were collected from the blossoms of the salmon colored Sphaeralcea fendleri var. calif ornica Parish. It is apparently quite local in distribution. Acmaeodera moronga Van Dyke, new species Moderately long, robust, cuneiform, of medium size; bronzed and shining, thei elytra black or bluish-black; head, and pronotum somewhat densely clothed with fine, long pile, that of the head in great part gray, that of the pronotum fulvous as is also the much sparser erect pile of the elytra, the underside clothed with long gray, much inclined pile, denser at the sides; the prothorax with a lateral yellow patch extending from near the base generally to about the middle, the elytra with the yellow markings about as follows : a narrow yellow marginal line extending from base almost to the median yellow bar, in a few cases not reaching base, a narrow oblique bar behind the humeral umbone, generally con- nected with the marginal line and expanded inwards, a broad median band, oblique or even arcuate forwards, sometimes united with the anterior band and often with the terminal portion sepa- rated as a spot, a short almost transverse bar between median and subapical bar, often broken or even bifurcated at the margin, and the subapical lunate marking, often broken up into two or three spots. Head moderately, coarsely, closely punctured, rather deeply, longitudinally impressed at middle, often with a smooth area at bottom of groove, transversely impressed at base of clypeus ; the antennae about reaching middle of prothorax, segments 5-11 broadly serrate. Prothorax over twice as broad as long, broadest JULY, 1943] VAN DYKE— NEW COLEOPTERA 103 at base, apical margin biemarginate, sides arcuate, gradually nar- rowed apically, the margin narrow and not visible posteriorly from above; the disk rather coarsely and densely punctured, ap- proximate at sides, the median longitudinal impression well marked, deeply and triangularly impressed at base, and the ob- lique impressions within hind angles quite evident. Elytra twice as long as broad, sides feebly sinuate before the middle, gradually narrowed from base to posterior third, thence more acutely con- vergent to apex; the disk with a well-marked triangular depres- sion at middle of base, the humeral umbone prominent, a slight groove at inner side, the striae moderately impressed, rather coarsely, not closely punctured fully their own width apart except near suture and in basal triangle, intervals somewhat flattened inwardly, convex at sides, and minutely, irregularly punctured, the third somewhat elevated and carinated near base. Beneath, rather coarsely, closely punctured in front, finely and sparsely on poste- rior ventral plates. Prosternum broadly sinuate in front. Last ventral plate with a broad yet feebly developed ventral plate. Length, 10 mm.; breadth, 4 mm.; several specimens but 8 mm long. Holotype (No. 5337, Mus. C. A. S. Ent.) and five paratypes collected by myself in Moronga Valley, Riverside County, California, May 24, 1941, and various other dates close to that period. This species, according to the key, would follow serena Fall, which it does not at all resemble. It has the general markings of flavostica Horn even to a greater degree than linsleyi, but differs by having the elytra black or bluish-black, by being less acumi- nate, less coarsely and more discretely punctured, with the pu- bescence sparser, as well as by having a^ different type of pro- stemal margin. From some specimens of hephurni Lee., it dif- fers by being stockier, less elongate, by the coloration of elytra and less concentration of yellow toward the base. Family Scarabaeidae Polyphylla peninsularis Van Dyke, new species Rather short and stocky, brown, the prothorax generally quite rufous, the palpi, antennae and legs rufous, the head and prono- tum clothed with long, silky, erect, light brown pile; the elytra with the usual sutural, two discal and submarginal white stripes formed by the densely placed white scales, the stripes narrowing posteriorly, with irregular margins and often somewhat inter- rupted, the humeral stripe a short line at most, and the areas be- tween the stripes peppered with short, light yellowish scales. Head with rather coarse and shallow punctures; clypeus with reflexed 104 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XIX, NO. 3 margins, the sides straight and parallel or slightly diverging for- wards, the front margin transverse or very feebly biemarginate at most and with outer angles hardly rounded; the antennae with a club that is about 6 mm long, 2 man longer than head, the outer lamellae decidedly curved and distally averaging 1.5 mm, in width; the terminal segment of labial palpi at least three times as long as broad. Prothorax convex as usual, apical margin emarginate, the sides subangulate, the lateral margin entire or feebly crenu- late posteriorly at most, the hind margin broadly lobed; the disk coarsely, shallowly, irregularly punctured, with the usual three scaly vittae, the median complete, the two lateral incomplete in front, the rest of the surface with scattered scales and the long, erect hair, generally longer and denser in front. Elytra over one- third longer than wide, with the surface irregularly, shallowly punctured, rugose and somewhat shining where not covered with scales, the apices broadly rounded and the sutural angles quite obtuse. Pygidium parabolic in shape, with narrow, reflexed mar- gins and rather densely clothed with short, yellowish hair and white scales that are about twice as long as broad. Foretibiae bidentate in the male, the female not seen. Length, 23 mm.; breadth, 11 mm. Holotype male (No. 5338, Mus. C. A. S. Ent.) and seven paratype males, collected at La Grulla, 7000 feet alt., in the San Pedro Martir Mountains of Baja California, June 19, 1923, by J. R. Slevin. This rather small and interesting Polyphylla belongs in the group characterized by the long pile on the pronotum. Accord- ing to Casey’s key (Mem. Coleopt., V, 1914, pp. 322-353), this species would run close to diffracta Casey {fuscula Fall), which is of about the same size and general appearance but differs from dif^TCbcta by being a bit broader, by having the silky pile of the head and pronotum much denser, longer and finer, by having the last labial palpal segment, a bit narrower, the outer angles of the clypeus less acutely angulate, the antennal club about 1 mm. longer, the lateral margins of the prothorax behind not conspicuously crenulate as they are in diffracta, the sutural angles of the elytra obtuse, not sharply right angled, the pile of the legs long and silky, not rather short and stiff, and the pygi- dium less acute and angulate. This species appears to be even more closely related to the recently described harhata Cazier, which is somewhat shorter, with the long pile of the pronotum as dense behind as anteriorly, with the clypeus more expanded in front and its angles more rounded, and the scales of both elytra and pygidium longer and narrower, more hair-like. JULY, 1943] VAN DYKE— NEW COLEOPTERA 105 Thyce aurata Van Dyke, new species Short and robust, rufous, the scutellum and elytra densely clothed with small, golden brown scales, the head and pronotum also with numerous scales of similar nature and in addition orna- mented with rather long erect pile. Head rather finely, closely punctured; clypeus expanded in front, with reflexed margins, transverse apical margin and narrowly rounded outer angles; the antennae with club about as long as funicle and the terminal seg- ment of labial palpi, as long as antennal club, elliptical in shape and with a deep sulcus on upper face running the entire length yet somewhat more widely expanded basally. Prothorax convex, apex emarginate, sides subangulate with margin feebly crenulate posteriorly, the base broadly arcuate; disk finely, closely punc- tured and with median longitudinal impression feeble. Elytra over one-fourth longer than broad, with the surface finely, closely punc- tured like the pronotum, and the sutural angles right angled. Pygidium with lateral margins slightly reflexed in front, the sur- face! finely closely punctured and densely clothed with scales that are somewhat longer and narrower than those of the elytra. Be- neath the forebody densely clothed with long, light brown pile, the abdomen rather finely punctured and quite well covered with scales which are quite similar to those of the pygidium. First tibiae with the middle and apical teeth well developed, the basal a broad tubercle; the middle tibiae with two short yet well-marked spines on the outer face. Each tarsal claw with a small, erect tooth near its base. Length, 20 mm.; breadth, 9 mm. Holotype male (No. 5339, Mus. C. A. S. Ent.) and one male paratype, collected at San Diego, California, by Dr. F. E. Blaisdell. Associated with these two specimens is a large female, also collected by Dr. Blaisdell which I presume is the female of this species. It is 24 mm. long by 11 mm. broad, almost naked above, the head, pronotum and scutellum sparsely clothed with suberect, fulvous pile, the elytra with only a few minute fulvous scales scattered over the elytral declivity and carried over onto the pygidium. The head is densely, cribately punctured, with a prominent frontal tubercle, the clypeus quite similar to that of the male but with the margins more reflexed and the outer angles more rounded; the antennal club hardly two-thirds as long as the male club and the last labial palpal segment narrow and about half the length of that of the male. The pronotum is densely, coarsely punctured, with a small, smooth area at center and the side margins behind strongly crenulated. Beneath, the forebody, rather densely clothed with long, fulvous pile, the abdomen quite smooth and sparsely peppered with very small. 106 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XIX, NO. 3 hair-like, yellowish scales. Front tibiae distinctly tridentate, the middle tibiae with a pronounced tubercle at middle and a small spine above, on outer face. This species in Casey’s key would run somewhat near fossiger Csy. but it is much shorter, has an entirely different type of vestiture and is quite different structurally in many regards. What I take to be the female is also much more like the female of hlaisdelli Csy. than that of fossiger Csy. The subspecies ochreata Csy. of fossiger approaches aurata as regards the color but the scales are less dense and of a different type. Thyce cinerea Van Dyke, new species Rather small, reddish brown, the head and pronotum darker, also densely clothed with long, erect, silky, very light yellowish gray pile, and addition with a covering of closely applied long, white, hairlike scales, rather dense on the head, sparser on the pronotum where most evident as a broken, median longitudinal vitta, and dispersed patch at the sides; the scutellum densely clothed with somewhat larger white scales and the elytra clothed with white, hairlike scales, somewhat like those of the head and pronotum, which though closely applied are not approximate, thus do not conceal the surface of the elytra. Head rather coarsely, densely punctured; clypeus moderately expanded in front, with margins well reflexed, the front margin broadly emarginate and the outer angles well rounded; the antennae with club about as long as funicle, and the terminal segment of labial palpi but slightly shorter, somewhat elliptical in shape and with a deep, rather wide groove on the upper side running the entire length. Prothorax convex, apex feebly biemargainate, sides arcuate or feebly subangulate, the outer angle broadly rounded, the margin strongly crenulate behind, the base with prominent median lobe; disk with moderately coarse, rather closely placed variolate punc- tures, without defined median impression. Elytra over one-fourth longer than broad, the surface rather finely, closely punctured, the apex feebly truncate and the sutural angles right angled. Pygidium subangulate, with narrow, feebly reflexed margins, and punctured and clothed like the elytra. Beneath, the forebody densely clothed with the long, silky, light yellowish gray pile, the abdomen rather densely, finely punctured and moderately closely covered wtih long, hairlike white scales. Front tibiae with the upper tooth very obtuse and low, the middle and terminal, acute and promnient ; the middle tibiae with the spines very small, barely indicated. Tarsal claws with basal tooth small and acute. Length, 19 mm.; breadth, 9 mm. Holotype male (No. 5340, Mus. C. A. S. Ent.), a unique col- JULY, 1943] VAN DYKE— NEW COLEOPTERA 107 lected at Balboa, California, in July by Dr. Harold Bryant and by him kindly presented to me. This rather small species because of its silvery gray color stands well apart from its fellows. It is evidently a sand dune species like pistoria and others, but these are more robust in every regard and clothed with fulvous or yellowish scales and pile. Thyce clypeata Van Dyke, new species Of moderate size, robust, brown or reddish-brown, the head and pronotum clothed with fine, erect, rather long fulvous pile and in addition with closely appressed, elongate, yellowish scales, dense on the head, less dense on the pronotum, though rather concentrated in the form of a median longitudinal vitta and a broader, less sharply defined vitta on either side, the scutellum densely clothed with somewhat broader white scales, and the elytra rather uni- formly, moderately closely clothed with small, elongate, very light fulvous scales, the vestiture thus only slightly concealing the sur- face beneath. Head rather closely punctured; clypeus expanded in front, the sides notched or sinuate in front of the lateral angles, the anterior margin feebly emarginate at middle, the margins well reflexed and the anterior angles though blunt, decidedly angulate; the antennae with club fully as long as the funicle, the last labial palpal segment two-thirds as long as antennal club, rather wide and with a moderately wide and deep groove extending the entire length along the upper surface. Prothorax convex, apex feebly biemarginate, sides subangulate, feebly crenulated behind, the base broadly subangulately lobed; the disk rather coarsely, densely punctured, the median longitudinal impression shallow but evi- dent. Elytra less than a third longer than broad, the surface finely, closely punctured, the apex broadly rounded, subtruncate, with sutural angles slightly obtuse. Pygidium subangulate, with feebly reflexed margins, finely, closely, punctured, and moderately densely clothed with narrow, very light colored hairlike scales, much narrower and longer than those of elytra. Beneath, the forebody densely clothed with long, fine, light grayish yellow pile, the abdomen rather finely, densely punctured and clothed with closely adherent long, white hairlike scales. Front tibiae tri- dentate, the upper tooth broad yet prominent; the middle and hind tibiae both with two well-marked spines on outer margin; middle tarsi longer tahn tibiae. Tarsal claws each with an acute and prominent tooth near base. Length, 23 mm.; breadth, 11 mm. Holotype male (No. 5341, Mus. C. A. S. Ent.) and two para- type males, collected near Petaluma, California, by E. C. John- ston. Two of the specimens are alike and normal, the third has the fore tibiae with the spines all much reduced, the outer mar- gin merely sinuate. 108 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XIX, NO. 3 Superficially this northern species looks more like some of the southern species as for instance fossiger, which it super- ficially simulates though is larger and more robust, than it re- sembles species like harfordi or others from the north. Its most distinctive character is its clypeus, with lateral margin sinuate before apex and the angles more prominently angulated as a result. Family Curculionidae Pandeleteius viridissimus Van Dyke, new species Of rather large size for the genus, black, antennae and tarsi rufous, the entire upper and under surface covered with brilliant, circular, green scales. Head medianly sulcate in front, beak short, 1 mm. long, triangularly emarginate at apex, eyes moderately convex, antennae about reaching middle of prothorax, with a fine, sparse pubescence, first segment of funicle stout, almost as long as the second and third segments combined. Prothorax about one- fifth broader than long, apex and base transverse, sides broadly rounded at middle, sinuate in front and behind; disk feebly con- vex, with well defined anterior and posterior submarginal impres- sions, and; with a few fine obliquely placed hairs as on the head. Elytra transverse at base, sides almost straight, gradually wider to posterior third then rounded to somewhat projecting and acute apex; disk moderately convex, somewhat bulbous laterally behind, the striae complete and finely impressed, the intervals flat and with a single row of fine short and sparse, upright hairs, most evident on the posterior declivity. Beneath with abdomen finely, sparsely pilose and with first ventral suture moderately arcuate at middle. Anterior femora enlarged, fusiform, the tibiae long and strongly donate within. Length, 9 mm. ; breadth, 4 mm. Holotype (No. 5342, Mus. C. A. S. Ent.) and one paratype, collected by myself on the western slope of Montezuma Pass, Huachuca Mountains, Arizona, August 19, 1940. They were apparently feeding on the foliage of Calliandra eriophylla Benth., an accacia-like plant wth pink flowers. This brilliant green species, of rather large size, should be readily separated from its more somber relatives. Some of the scales are apt to be rubbed off, exposing the black epidermis and thus giving the insects the appearance of being peppered. JULY, 1943] MALKIN— NEW COCCINELLIDAE 109 TWO NEW COCCINELIDAE FROM OREGON^ ( Coleoptera) BY BORYS MALKIN Eugene, Oregon In the preparation of a check list of Oregon Coccinellidae the writer discovered a species each of Scymnus and Hyperaspis ap- parently unknown, the descriptions of which are given below: Scymnus fenderi Malkin, new species Oblong oval; black. Head reddish toward the clypeal apex, shining; punctures distinct similar to those on thorax, more closely set toward the eyes. Front and part of clypeus slightly convex. Thorax strongly converging and arcuate in apical half, narrower at the base than elytra; black with sides triangularly yellow. The yellow area covers nearly one-fifth of the apex on each side. Hind angles black. Thoracic punctures as in cav/rvrw^ distinct, sparse, but denser and smaller toward the sides, especially in apical por- tion. Elytra longer than wide, entirely black. Elytral punctures irregular, very closely set, more shallow toward the sides, espe- cially in apical portion. Undersurface black. Legs bright reddish- yellow, with femora darker in basal half. Labrum and palpi reddish-piceous. Prosternum margined. Prosternal ridges not very strong, distinct, converging in the front. Metasternum coarsely and densely punctured, almost as deeply as elytra, but punctures sparser and more shallow toward the middle where they become transverse. The middle of the metasternum deeply impressed, with a small tubercle on each side of the impression. Epipleura and side pieces of metasternum so closely punctured as to appear tuberculate. The side pieces narrow, sharply pointed, more than three times wider at base than in the front. Prosternal plates reaching the lateral margins of the metastemal episterna, and occupying seven-tenths of the prosternum. First segment of the abdomen flattened between the abdominal plates, with denser punc- tures toward the front of the flat area. Second segment strongly convex in thei middle, the following segments less convex. Second and third segments with a deep, curved impressions on sides. Segments four and five with smaller shallow impressions in some distance from lateral margins. Abdominal plates incomplete, reg- ularly curved, four-fifths as long as the segment. Pubescence on the dorsal side thick, yellow recumbent. Length: 2.5 mm.; width, 1.8 mm. ^ This paper was prepared at the University of Oregon. 110 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. XIX, NO. 3 Holotype, female from Camas Valley, on Roseburg-Coquille Highway, Douglas County, Oregon, June 15, 1936; in author’s collection. This specimen was collected by Mr. K. Fender after whom it is named. This species runs to caurinus in Casey’s key, from which it can be easily distinguished by the unusually coarse elytral punctures, coarser punctulation of the abdominal segments and presence of the impressions on the lateral portion of those segments. Fig. 1. Hyperaspis obscura Malkin, male holotype. Hyper aspis obscura Malkin, new species Elongate oval; strongly converging; black; highly polished. Lateral margin of thorax yellow. The vittae broad in front, sinu- ate from the inside at the apical portion, gradually narrowing toward the base where they occupy thei angles only. Elytra, each with two spots. The anterior spot located along the middle of the lateral angle, almost one-fifth as long as elytron. The posterior spot smaller andi somewhat indefinite, located in the apical portion of the elytra, not touching the margin. Head black in male, yellow in female; densely and minutely but distinctly punctured. Thorax JULY, 1943] MALKIN— NEW COCCINELLIDAE 111 as long as wide, with very distinct punctures more closely set toward the sides. Elytra slightly longer than wide, their punctures strong and large although less dense than those on thorax. Interstices very minutely alutaceous. Ventral surfaces closely punctured but punctulation less pronounced than on dorsal side. First two abdominal segments with highly polished median area, and short, sparse, delicate pubescence. Legs ; femora reddish- piceous, tibia and tarsi dark reddish testaceous. Length, 2.3 mm.; width, 1.7 mm. Holotype, male (No. 5292, Calif. Acad. Sci., Ent.), and allo- type, female (No. 5293), both collected by Mr. Centner at Lake OF THE Woods, Klamath County, Oregon, June 11, 1939. A male paratype with the same data in author’s collection.^ This species belongs to the undulata group in Dobzhansky’s recent revision of the genus, but closer specific afl&nities cannot be established with certainty until a larger series is available. The extent of the anterior elytral spot varies within the series. In the female it is only half as long as in the male holotype, and four-fifths as long in the male paratype. The female is slightly larger than either male. Otherwise the specimens show very little variation. Acknowledgments: The writer is indebted to Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth Fender of McMinnville, Oregon, and Mr. L. G. Centner of Medford, Oregon, for the loan of material used in present study. To Miss Edith A. Onthank, a University of Oregon student, for the drawing af Hyperaspis obscura and to Dr. L. S. Cress- man of the Anthropology Department for the permission to use his excellent Leitz-Wetzlar microscope. ^ A female specimen has come to my attention since the present paper yras submitted for publication. It was collected by Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth Fender at Diamond Lake, Lincoln County, OreKon, in the Cascade Mountains, on June 7 1941. The elytral pattern is intermediate between the type material described above. 1 have designated this specimen as a metatype and it is deposited in the Fender collection. 112 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XIX, NO. 3 THE EFFECT OF LOW STORAGE TEMPERATURE ON REPRODUCTION IN CERTAIN PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA BY PAUL DE BACH University of California, Citrus Experiment Station, Riverside In population studies involving the rearing of Musca domes- tica L. and its pupal parasites, Mormoniella vitripennis (Walker) and Muscidifurax raptor Gir., it was found necessary at times to resort to storage by refrigeration in order to synchronize para- site emergence with host production. Storage of adult parasites at low temperatures has, for many years, been practiced by those engaged in biological-control work, both for long-distance shipping of parasites and for proper timing of parasite emer- gence and liberation. It appears, however, that an adequate general study of the effect of cold storage on insects has never been made, and, as a result, the utility of the method has not been fully realized, especially as regards storage of parasites for any length of time. The fact that results are sometimes adverse has doubtless inhibited investigational work. It is to be hoped that future work will clear up many of the present problems in this important field. The chief value of cold storage should lie in the introduction phase of biological-control work rather than in mass production, since the former is concerned with any means of establishing the species, while the latter is more concerned with maximum repro- duction after establishment, in order to accomplish complete dis- tribution over the infested area at as early a date as possible. Emphasis should be placed on the fact that in introduction work the percentage mortality or sex-ratio reverses are relatively un- important so long as sufficient numbers of parasites are sent initially to insure even a few for breeding stock. Cold Storage of Adult Parasites. — In the present studies, the cold-storage method was found to be quite successful. Para- sites were held first as adults, by storage at 4.4° C. Adults of Mormoniella and Muscidifurax, whose life expectancy in the laboratory is one to two weeks, live as long as five months at this temperature if they are removed at intervals of 3 or 4 days for feeding, although mortality is fairly high after such a long JULY 1943] BACH— TEMPERATURE AND REPRODUCTION ^3 period. The fecundity of the surviving adults does not appear to be impaired, and the sex ratio of the progeny is favorable. Adults of Mormoniella vitripennis and Muscidifurax raptor sur- vived five months; adults of Pachycrepoideus duhius Ash. and Microbracon sp., four months. Results of tests with Mormoniella adults serve to confirm the observations noted above. Four hundred and thirty-three Mor- moniella reared at 27.5° C. were refrigerated at 4.4° C. from June 6, 1939, to July 13, 1939, or for a total of 37 days. At intervals during this time they were removed from refrigeration and fed honey. The initial age of the paarsites was from 3 to 5 days after emergence. After 37 davs of refrigeration, 105 adults remained alive. (Mortality could undoubtedly be decreased by more uniform feeding periods than were used.) These 105 adults were removed from refrigeration and put with housefly pup aria in which they were observed to oviposit. From these puparia 289 adults emerged, two-thirds of which were females and one-third males,^ These data indicate that neither spermatoza nor ova are materially affected by refrigeration of the adult. The principle of cold storage of insect parasites is, of course, to lower the rate of metabolism so that longevity is increased. This phenomenon is well known, but the exact effects are not well understood. According to Wigglesworth (1939, p. 344), “In insects exposed to low temperatures, the R. Q. may fall to a very low figure . . . The low temperature seems to cause some disturbance in metabolism, the nature of which is not known. The values at the low temperature are too low to be ex- plained by an exclusive oxidation of fat, and too prolonged to be explained by the increased solubility of gases in the tissue fluids.” Even though the process of cold storage is logically sound, certain complicating factors enter, so that a greater or less amount of mortality occurs, as previously pointed out. Wiggles- worth (1939, p. 364) says: “ [Many insects] accustomed to warm surroundings . . . soon die even at temperatures well above freezing-point. The cause of death is not understood. It is often attributed to the accumulation of toxic products which at normal temperatures would be eliminated . . . This type of effect by cold is sometimes termed the ‘quantity factor’ because it must act for some time before it causes death,” ' Mormoniella exhibits arrhenotokous parthenogenesis. 114 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VQL. XIX, NO. 3 The mortality obtained in the present study was undoubtedly due to several factors which would be very difficult to analyze separately. Freezing is, of course, a direct cause of mortality but is not to be considered here, since freezing temperatures were not used in these experiments. It should be pointed out, how- ever, that some insects can actually withstand freezing without adverse effects. One possible cause of mortality — one readily thought of — is starvation. Even though parasites are held at a low temperature, a certain amount of metabolism occurs; and, unless the energy lost is regained by periodical feedings and subsequent assimilation of food, death by starvation may result. This is sup- ported by the repeated observation that periodical removal from storage to permit feeding on honey greatly reduced mortality. A further cause of mortality, sometimes not readily associated with cold storage, may be dessication. Because of the continued removal of moisture in the form of ice, the air in an electric refrigerator of the coil type, such as that used in the present experiments, is very dry. Various authors have shown that low humidity may be a cause of death by means of desiccation. At low temperatures, loss of moisture by the insect would occur very slowly, but this is a factor to be considered, unless para- sites are stored in tightly corked vials instead of in those having the usual cotton plug. Van Steenburgh (1934) states that larval parasite mortality during cold storage appears to be due to desic- cation of the host egg. And according to Lund (1934, p. 335-36) , “ , . , the mortality of the parasites and unparasitized host eggs generally decrease regularly with an increase in humidity at all temperatures — the mortality apparently varying more with humidity than with temperature.” Since the experiments involving cold storage of adult Mor- moniella and Muscidifurax indicated distinct possibilites for this method of shipping refrigerated parasites, it was thought desira- ble to run tests on storage of their immature stages at low tem- peratures in order to ascertain whether or not any adverse effects of low storage temperatures on these stages might be evidenced. As a consequence, experiments were designed to test the effect of cold storage on immature stages of the two parasites, Mor- moniella and Muscidifurax. Cold Storage of Immature Stages. — A common procedure in biological-control work, as is well known, has been that of ship- JULY, 1943] DE BACH— TEMPERATURE AND REPRODUCTION 115 ping parasites in the larval or pupal stage in eold storage. Sev- eral authors have pointed out recently, however, that low storage temperatures may affect the fecundity of adult parasites thus exposed in their immature stages. Van Steenburgh’s (1934) most satisfactory results with Tricho- gramma pupae in host eggs stored 75 days at 35° to 45° F. showed little mortality but about 50 per cent reduction in fecundity. Schread and Garman (1934) concluded that ‘‘Tricho gramma species reared in grain moth eggs are affected by refrigeration in the following ways, (a) At temperatures below 47° F. mortality is gradual and increases with the length of exposure. There is some survival with refrigeration extended to 72 days, but the percentage is so small that it is worthless for production purposes, (b) The sex ratio is upset when tempera- tures below 47° F, are employed, the change being more evident in the generation following than in the generation emerging from refrigerated eggs, (c) Wing deformity is directly proportional to length of refrigeration and indicates a general weakening of the indivduals.” Under the most adverse conditions tabulated by Schread and Garman (1934), that is, after storage for 39 days at 37° F. and 60 percent relative humidity, the emerging generation exhibited a 1:1 sex ratio, showing that even under such conditions loss of the breeding stock would not result. In an earlier paper, these workers (Schread and Garman 1933) give as the extreme figure a male preponderance of 23:1 in the first generation removed from adults that were subjected to storage at 38° F, and 60 percent relative humidity for 60 days in the pupal stage. Hanna (1935) found that larvae of the parasite Euchalcidia caryobori Hanna were not affected when stored at 16° C. (60° F, -)- ) for as long as 55 days, as shown by normal fecundity and sex ratio of the adults. The preponderance of male progeny from similarly treated pupae, however, indicates an adverse effect in the form of partial or complete sterilization. Male pupae are much more affected than are female. Low storage temperatures cause the retardation of spermatogenesis in the male and possible retardation of the growth of the eggs or ovarian malformation in the female. Flanders (1938) discusses and summarizes the effect of cold storage on the reproduction of parasitic Hymenoptera. 116 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XIX, NO. 3 While the aforenamed authors clearly show a reduction in fecundity of adults or a male-predominant sex ratio in certain cases where immature stages of a parasite were subjected to pro- longed cold storage, in none of the cases mentioned would this have resulted in loss of the parasite species in introduction, had any quantity of individuals been shipped in storage in both late larval and pupa stages. The present experiment involved the subjection of full-grown larva of Mormoniella to each of the following temperatures: 0-2°, 6°, 10°, 15°, and 23° C. Those held at 23° emerged in 9 days; those held at 15° emerged in 28 days; the remainder did Table 1. —Progeny of five groups of SO Mormoniella female parasites which were subjected to storage at different temperatures during the lai*val stage, then removed and allowed to emerge, mate, and to oviposit, under uniform conditions, among 200 housefly puparla. Group Storage Number of Hosts Number of Adult Parasites Produced'*’ Temperature, in Degrees C« Ferioa In Days Stung Froducing Adult Parasites Male Female Total 1 0-2 31 120 50 264 238 502 2 6 31 111 47 234 290 524 5 10 31 90 28 117 177 284 4 IS 28^ 21 8 52 41 93 5 23 9= 17 5 10 21 31 ^ Mormoniella Is a gregarious parasite; as many as 15 may mature In one host. Adults emerged during storage. not emerge after being held 31 days, although those at 1()° devel- oped into pupae. The larvae held at 0-2° and at 6° showed no outward change. The fact that Mormoniella larvae matured and emerged when stored at 23° and 15° and pupated while stored at 10° indicates that the process involved at these three tempera- tures is nothing more than a slowing down of metabolism, and that development will proceed through to emergence at any tem- perature above the threshold of development if storage is sufl&- ciently prolonged. After being held at the different temperatures for the time in- dicated, the parasite larvae were removed, and the adults were al- lowed to emerge. Three days later, after feeding and mating had taken place. 50 females of each group were removed and placed with 200 housefly puparia in a quart jar, Oviposition occurred readily, and the parasite progeny matured and emerged in the usual time. These progeny were then counted, and the sex of each was determined. The results of these counts are shown in Table 1. These data, contrary to what might have been expected from JULY, 1943] DE BACH— TEMPERATURE AND REPRODUCTION 117 previous work, indicate that the lower the temperature to which mature larvae of Mormoniella are subjected, the greater is the fecundity of the resulting adults. In the present experiments the number of hosts “stung” was considered to be the best measure of fecundity, since an egg was usually deposited when the host was stung. The number of adult parasites that emerged was somewhat variable, partly because of the factor of super- parasitization. As a general practice, Mormoniella was reared ait 27.5° C. in the laboratory. Under such conditions the total progeny approached the numbers obtained at 0-2° and 6° in Table 2.— Progeny of three groups of 50 Muacldlfurajc female parasites which were subjected to storage at a temperature of 4.4'-' C. during Immature stages, then removed and allowed to emerge, mate, and to oviposit among 200 housefly puparla. Group Stage Tea ted Period of Storage at 4.4° C. In Daya Number of Hoata Stung Number of Adult Parasltea Produced Male Female Toial 1 Iiarval 28 200 47 70 U7 2 Larval 31 200 59 49 108 3 Pupal 25 200 47 40 87 Control 200 30 SS es ^ Pourteen-day Ufa cycle at 27.5° C. Table 1. The reason for the low number of progeny obtained, from those parasites reared at 15° and 23° is not at all clear, but this was possibly due to their remaining in cold storage for a short time after emergence. These data are of a preliminary nature and must be supplemented in order to determine the exact sig- nificance of the effects that have been noted. At least they show plainly that storage at such low temperatures is not harmful so far as reproduction is concerned. The sex of the progeny of Mormoniella adults subjected to different temperatures in their full-grown larval stage, indicates no marked relation between temperature variations and sex ratio, although the data in Table 1 show a slight preponderance of males at 0-2° C. This could be interpreted as indicating that when stored as larvae at a temperature below freezing, males may be affected. The sex ratio for the entire group is 1.13 females to 1.00 male. On the other hand, the sex of adults which have been subjected to lowl temperatures in the immature stages is about 2.66 females to 1.00 male. Indications are that this may be the effect of differential mortality on the male larvae and pupae. Experiments similar to those described above were conducted 113 the pan-pacific entomologist [vol. XIX, NO. 3 with Muscidifurax raptor, but at only one temperature (4.4° C.). Since pupae had not been used in the previous experiments, they were included here. The results of the tests are given in Table 2. From the data in this table it is evident that even sub- jection of Muscidifurax pupae to prolonged low temperature does not result in the production of sterile adult males (as has been demonstrated for some ^ecies), since close to a 1:1 sex ratio was obtained.^ There does not appear to be any appreciable difference be- tween experiments and control, either in reproductive capacity or in sex ratio of the progeny, although there are not suflicient data at hand to he evaluated statistically. Summary and Conclusions. — Mature larvae and pupae of the pteromalid parasites Mormoniella and Muscidifurax spp. were subjected to storage for periods of 25 to 31 days at tem- peratures ranging from 0° C. to 23° C. ; they were then removed, and the adults were allowed to emerge at a temperature of 27.5° C. Fecundity appeared to be highest in those adults whose immature stages had been subjected to the lowest temperatures. Apparently, immature male parasites were not sterilized at the low temperatures used in these studies, since the succeeding gen- eration exhibited a normal sex ratio. The data obtained show no consistent effect of temperature upon the sex ratio. Adult Mormoniella^ Muscidifurax, Pachycrepoideus, and Mi- crobracon, when given periodic feedings, may be held at low temperatures for periods of one to several months without material effect upon their reproductive processes, although mor- tality increases with length of storage. In conclusion, it may be stated that, while in certain cases cold storage may, to some degree, affect sex ratios or fecundity, importation of parasites by the cold-storage method, either as adults or as immature stages, may well be feasible and may even be the most satisfactory method of shipment, especially when slow transportation over long distances is necessary. This would at least be the case with the parasites used in the present studies; and, if one may judge by the data of other authors, the method might be applied to many species for introductory pur- poses. Individual studies, however, will probably be desirable for each species concerned. * Muscidifurax like Mormoniella, exhibits arrhenotokous parthenogenesis. JULY, 1943] HOPPING — BRACHYSOMIDA CORPULENTA 119 Literature C!ited Flanders, S. E. 1938. The effect of cold storage on the reproduc- tion of parasitic Hymenopetra. Jour. Econ. Ent., 31(5) :633-4. Hanna, A. D. 1935. Fertility and toleration of low temperature in Euchalcidia caryhori Hanna ( Hymenoptera, Chalcidinae) . Bui. Ent. Res., 26:315-22. Lund, H. O. 1934. Some temperature and humidity relations of two races of Trichogram/ma minutiom Riley (Hym. Chalcidi- dae). Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 27:324-40. Schread, J. C. and P. Garman. 1933. Studies on parasites of the Oriental fruit moth. I. Trichogramma. Connecticut Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 353:687-756. Schread, J. C. and P. Garman. 1934. Some effects of refrigeration on the biology of Trichogramma in artificial breeding. Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 42:263-83. Van Steenburgh, W. EL 1934. Tnchogramma minutum Riley as a parasite of the Oriental fruit moth {Laspeyresia molesta Busck.) in Ontario. Canad. Jour. Res., 10 (3) :287-314. Wigglesworth, V. B. 1939. The principles of insect physiology. 434 p. 316 figs. E. P. Dutton and Company, New York. OBSERVATIONS ON BRACHYSOMIDA CORPULENTA CSY. ( Coleoptera ; Cerambycidae) ^ GEO. R. HOPPING Vernon, British Columbia Brachysomida corpulenta Csy. was described from a single female from the Levette collection, the type locality given only as California.^ In the Hopping collection, two females were discovered which agree closely with the original description of B. corpulenta. Mr. W. S. Fisher at the U. S. National Museum has kindly compared both specimens with the type in the Casey collection and they agree except in minor detail. The species is easily recognized by three longitudinal, slightly raised lines on each elytron. These lines are nearly devoid of ves^- titure and have only a few scattered punctures. The two females before me are dark brown. The type is uniformly brownish- black and the elytra have a slight purplish tinge which seems to be lacking in my specimens. They may not have been fully hard- ened when they were collected. They were taken by Ralph Hop- ping at Kaweah, Tulare County, California, over thirty years ago. ^ Contribution No. 2247, from the Division of Entomology, Science Service, De- partment of Agriculture, Ottawa. 2 Casey, Col. T. L., Memoirs on the Coleoptera 4 :224, 1913. 120 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTtDMOLOGIST [vOL. XIX, NO. 3 Several years before my father died, he received from Dr. E. G. Linsley, a single specimen of Brachysomida which is un- doubtedly the male of B. corpulenta. Since the male apparently has not been known before, the following description is given. Lengrth 8.5 mm., breadth across humeri 3.3 mm.; entirely black, faintly shining. Head with front very short, about half the length of the clypeus, densely punctate, the punctures not uni- form in size; basal two-thirds of clypeus punctate, remainder nearly glabrous; fronto-clypeal suture deeply impressed; coronal suture moderately impressed between the antennae, fading out posteriorly between the eyes; moderately coarsely and densely punctate behind the antennae, the punctures not uniform; anten- nae stout, about two-thirds the body length, the scape equal in length to the second and third segments combined; the second seg- ment a little broader than long, half the length of the third, basal three or four segments with conspicuous gray hairs; remainder of antennae with short appressed fine pubescence; entire head with long gray hairs. Pronotum with base broader than apex, lateral angles placed before the middle; apex margined rather feebly, strongly margined behind, densely and coarsely punctate, the punctures irregular in size; on the disc a few small areas where punctures are more widely separated, and a glabrous, feebly im- pressed, rather broad, longitudinal line on basal half, not attain- ing hind margin. The entire thorax has long, fine gray hairs. Elytra strongly tapered from humeri to apices, each elytron with three broad slightly raised longitudinal lines on which the coarse punctures are scattered; the line nearest the suture reaches back only two-thirds the distance from base to apex, the second and third not quite attaining the apex; spaces between these lines densely and coarsely punctate, the punctures becoming finer to- ward the apices; silvery vestiture confined mainly to spaces be- tween the raised lines; lateral elytral margins with a well-defined, smooth bead, the sutural bead of each elytron well defined poste- riorly, becoming feeble toward the scutellum ; elytral apices rounded to suture with a faint suggestion of truncature; ventral surface more finely, moderately sparsely punctate, more densely so on the mesepisternum and finely strigate on the posterior lat- eral portion of the metasternum; last ventral abdominal segment with posterior margin broadly and evenly rounded with a faint suggestion of a minute notch at middle, but this last may not be a constant character. The male differs from the female mainly in the much more strongly tapered elytra, the entirely black color, and the more strongly developed raised lines of the elytra. The specimen was taken by Dr. E. G. Linsley at Lebec, Tejon Pass, Calif.; elevation 4000 feet, May 11, 1928. It has been re- turned to Dr. Linsley at the University of California, Berkeley. REVISTA DE ENTOMOLOGIA An International Review of Entomology An illustrated magazine published four times a year by THOMAZ BORGMEIER, O.F.M., devoted to entomology, mainly of the neo- tropical fauna. The volumes already published since 1931 comprise thousands of pages and contain articles by leading entomologists such as F. W. Edwards, W. Horn, E. Lindner, J. W. S. Macfie, E. Martini, A. da Costa Lima, F. Silvestri, C. Menozzi, A. Reichensperger, F. Santschi, J. D. Hood, etc., with a bibliography of the current literature (economic and non-economic) of the neotropical fauna. Annual subscription $4.00 U. S. ($5.00 U. S. through booksellers). All payments are in advance. The back volumes are still on sale; price of each volume 4 U. S dollars; through booksellers 5 U. S. dollars. Subscriptions should be sent to the Editor: Thomaz Borgmeier, O.F.M., Convento 3. Antonio, Largo da Carioca, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. ARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA A large collection of Arctic Lepidoptera, especially Erebia, Oeneis, and Noctuidae, has been accumulated. Collectors who desire such material please communicate with me as follows: R. I. Fitch, Lloydminster, Saskatchewan, Canaaa. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS An illustrated magazine, published monthly — except August and September — devoted to the study of INSECT LIFE. It contains a list of the titles of the current Literature on American Entomology, articles by the leading authorities in the United States and Canada. It is a nec- essary journal of reference for working entomologists, and contains valu- able information for economic and systematic students. Annual subscription price $3.00. Foreign (except Canadian $3.15) subscriptions $3.30. Single copies 35 cents. Address ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. t \ \ RiC M. FISHER VOL. XIX October, 1943 No. 4 THE Pan -Pacific Entomologist V Published by the Pacific Coast Entomological Society in co-operation with The California Academy of Sciences CONTENTS PATE, THREE NEW OXYBELUS FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 121 ROSS, NEARCTIC SAWFLIES OF THE GENUS RHOGOGASTER 129 LANGE, ALTERNATE HOST FOR THECABIUS POPULI-MONILIS 133 WOLCOTT, THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF ORTHOPLEURA 134 USINGER, A TAXONOMIC NOTE ON ARADUS DEPICTUS 138 COOLEY & KOHLS, IXODES CALIFORNICUS BANKS, IXODES PACIFICUS N. SP.. AND IXODES CONEPATI N. SP 139 ESSIG— SUMAC-GALL APHID IN ARIZONA 147 JAMES, THE GENUS CULICOIDES IN NORTHERN COLORADO 148 CHANDLER, A NEW GENUS OR HALIPLIDAE FROM CALIFORNIA.—. 154 COCKERELL, NOMENCLATURE 158 LINSLEY, HABITS OP MELECTA SIERRAE 160 TITLE PAGE, TABLE OF CONTENTS AND INDEX FOR VOLUME XIX. San Francisco, California 1943 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST EDITORIAL BOARD E. C. Van Dyke E. G. Linsley R. C. Miller Associate Editor Editor Treasurer R. L. UsiNGER* G, F, Ferris E. S. Ross* * On military leave Published quarterly in January, April, July, and October with Society Proceedings appearing in the January number. Papers on the systematic and biological phases of entomology are favored, including articles up to ten printed pages on insect taxonomy, morphology, life history, and distribution. Manuscripts for publication, proof, and all editorial matters should be addressed to the editor, E. G. Linsley, 112 Agriculture Hall, Uni- versity of California, Berkeley, California. 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Unit boxes also manufactured Prices on application RAISIN AND THIEBAUT BROS., LTD. 346 First Street, San Francisco, Calif. Entered as second class matter, February 10, 1925, at the postoffice at San Francisco, California, under Act of August 24, 1912. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist VOL. XIX, No. 4 October, 1943 THREE NEW OXYBELUS FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae) BY V. S. L. PATE Coo'nell University The descriptions of the following three species of Oxybelus from southern California are presented here in order that they may be available in connection with other investigations. Oxybelus cocopa^ Pate, new species The superficial habitus of coco pa is very similar to that of the following Mojave Desert form pitanta, from which, how- ever, it may be readily distinguished by the yellow clypeus and antennae, the heavy silvery vestiture, the non-foveolate mesonotal- scutellar suture, the straight non-fomicate femoral keel, the rounded squamal lobe, the obsolescent lateral propodeal carinae, and the different conformation of the clypeal lobe. Type. $ ; In desert on Thompson Ranch, Imperiai. County, California. June 4, 1911. (J. C. Bri dwell; visiting flowers of Pilostyles Thurheri.) [United States National Museum.] Male. 4 mm. long. Black; the following citrinous; palpi, man- dibles except red apices, clypeus, antennae, pronotum dorsally to and including tubercles, tegulae and axillary sclerites, scutellum anteriorly, postscutellum, fore and middle femora beneath, hind femora apically, all tibiae and tarsi entirely, and first five ab- dominal tergites with a narrow linear preapical fascia. Fulvous: femora exclusive of yellow maculation, and last abdominal seg- ment. First two abdominal segments ferruginous. Squamae and mucro pellucid subhyaline. Wings clear hyaline, irridescent; veins and stigma light fulvous. Head fulgid; suborbicular in anterior aspect; clypeus and front with dense appressed, silvery sericeous pile; vertex with similar decumbent pubescence; temples with a thinner but similar vesti- ture. Front gently convex except for flattened area below behind scapes, with fine close puncturation, width at distal end of scapes one-half the vertical eye length; vertex with puncturation some- what coarser and more separated than that of front; ocelli in a very low triangle, the ocellocular line one-fourth the postocular ^ After the Cocopa, a tribe of the Ynman Indians. 122 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XIX, NO. 4 distance; temples vertically striatopunctate ; temporal carinae ab- sent but occipital carina rather well developed and slig'htly flanged. Antenna with scapesi obterete, three-tenths the vertical eye length; pedicel obterete, one and a third as long as first flagellar article; flagellum short, thick, finely puberulent, first segment one and a half the length of second, ultimate article terete, twice the length of penult segment; interantennal distance five-sixths the an ten- ocular line. Clypeus with median length one-fifth the vertical eye length; flat laterally to gently tumid discally; median lobe gently rounded out, the apex with a depressed, glabrous, nitidous flange which is obscurely quinquecrenulate marginally. Mandibles fal- cate; inner margins with a low obtuse dentiform angle on basal third. Thorax with a vestiture of appressed, glistening silvery pubes- cence throughout. Pronotum very short, transverse, linear; dorsal face sharply carinate anteriorly to and including tubercles ; lateral angles obtuse. Mesonotum gently arched, with rather close, coarse punctures; posterior margin foveate; axillae immarginate later- ally; scutellum transversely subsemicircular, gently tumid, with scattered coarse punctures, bisecting carinule weak to obsoles- cent, lateral margins with wide pellucid flanges; postscutellum transversely sublunate, one-half length of scutellum, rugose, bi- sected by a carinule; squamae subequal in length to scutellum, transverse-obliquely carinulate, apices acute, inner (posterior) margins with a small rounded convex lobe which does not extend as far caudad as apices. Mucro subequal in length to scutellum, concave above, width at base one-third the length, divergent grad- ually to apex, the width of which is one-half the length, and with a broad shallow V-shaped excision there, the latero-apical teeth rounded. Mesopleura with coarse punctures obscured by heavy vestiture; prepectus margined anteriorly; episternal suture weakly impressed and foveolate; hypersternauli and sternostirae not evi- dent; metapleura glabrous, horizontally costulate. Propodeum ful- gid, with rather close coarse punctures throughout; dorsal face with appressed silvery sericeous pile, otherwise glabrous; posterior face with discal areole strongly margined, broadly cuneate, con- cave and nitidous within, closed by an acute angle above, long- stalked ventrally, lateral surfaces coarsely striatopunctate; lat- eral carinae well developed along dorsal face but weak to obsoles- cent along posterior face and simple not forked below; lateral faces horizontally striatopunctate. Legs: fore metatarsi with four slender, elongate! spines. Mid- dle and hind tibiae with several rows of slender, elongate, testa- ceous spines on outer faces; the latter also weakly serrate there; longer hind tibial calcar three-fourths the length of hind meta- tarsi. Hind femora with a short, weak, straight keel above at apex. Abdomen with a thin vestiture of decumbent silvery pubes- cence; constricted between segments, the first five with pellucid, OCT., 1943] PATE— OXYBELUS 123 testaceous flanges apically. Tergites with rather coarse close puncturation throughout; chromatorachides moderately developed on first six and with their caudal margins weakly serrate; third to sixth inclusive with long slender latero-apical spines; penult tergite without evident dorsolateral carinules. Pygidium elongate subrectangular, width at base one-half the length, tapering to truncate apex, the width of which is one-third the length, the disc coarsely punctate. Sternites perfulgid; more sparsely punctate than tergites; each with a transverse submedian welt; hypopygium emarginate at apex. Female. Unknown. Paratype. A topotypic male specimen, bearing the same data as the type, agrees with the latter in all structural details but has the scutellum entirely yellow and only the first abdominal seg- ment fasciate. Oxybelus pitanta^ Pate, new species The present Mojave Desert form is closely related to abdomi- nale from which it may be distinguished by the markedly dif- ferent conformation of the clypeus, the absence of temporal carinae, the narrow subhastate discal areole of the posterior propodeal face, the truncate inner squamal lobes, and the nar- rower mucro. Type. $ ; Cronise, San Bernardino County, California. July 9, 1938. (P. H. Timberlake; on Chilopsis linearis [Desert Willow].) Male. 5 mm. long. Black; the following stramineous: mandibles except red apices, pronotal tubercles, fore and middle tibiae with a narrow stripe on outer faces, hind tibiae basally at knees, and first four abdominal tergites with a very narrow preapical fascia briefly interrupted medially. Fulvous: antennae entirely, trophi. Badeous: apex of clypeal lobe, legs distad of trochanters (hind tibiae brunnescent on outer faces), tegulae and axillary sclerites; pronotum dorsally between lateral angles obscurely sordid badeous. Ferruginous: first two and last two abdominal segments. Pel- lucid dilute testaceous : squamae, mucro, and apical flanges of first few abdominal tergites. Tibial calcaria testaceous. Middle and hind tarsi brunnescent. Wings clear hyaline, iridescent; veins and stigma dark badeous. Head suborbicular in anterior aspect; clypeus and front with a moderately heavy vestiture of appressed silvery sericeous pile; ^ Pitanta : The Chemehuevi name for the Serrano Indians who lived north of the San Bernardino Mountains, in the Mojave Desert. 124 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XIX, NO. 4 vertex and temples with a similar but thinner pubescence, that of vertex suberect. Front with moderately coarse, subcontig'uous setigerous punctures throughout; width at distal end of scapes five-ninths the vertical eye length; fiat below to weakly and angu- larly tumid above in lateral aspect; bisected by an impression running ventrad from median ocellus. Vertex fulgid, with punc- tures somewhat coarser and more separated anteriorly than on front, bceoming rather coarsely striatopunctate posteriorly; ocelli in a curved line, the ocellocular line one-fourth the postocellar distance; temples with vertical striatopuncturation ; temporal cari- nae weak to absent; post-temporal region sparsely punctured above, subnitidous below; occiptal carina strong, nitidous behind and below this. Antennal scapes obterete, one-third the vertical eye length; pedicel obterete, subequal in length to first flagellar article; flagellum simple, finely puberulent, second segment three- fourths length of first, last article simple, terete, twice length of penult segment; interantennal line seven-eighths the anten- nocular distance. Clypeus with median lobe one-third the verti- cal eye length; finely punctate throughout; flat laterally to gently tumid discally, medially with a low elongate subnitidous tubercle; median lobe with width subequal to median clypeal length, apically with a sunken, concave glabrous, nitidous bevel, the dorsal edge not completely margined but medially and laterally with a mar- ginate dentoid angle, apical margin gently rounded out, bluntly angular medially, laterad of lobe with a small, inconspicuous tooth on each side. Mandibles slender, falcate; inner margins with a low obtuse dentoid angulation on basal third. Thorax more or less fulgid; dorsum and pleura with a moder- ate vestiture of appressed silvery pubescence, and with moderately coarse, close punctures throughout. Pronotum short, transverse; flat dorsally, anteriorly with a high, erect, arched, laminate carina, notched medially, mucronate at lateral angles, from which descends a vertical carinule, and continuous onto tubercles. Mesonotum simple; mesonotal-scutellar suture impressed, foveolate; scutellum transversely subrectangular, gently tumid, coarsely punctate, bi- sected by a low carinule, lateral margins with broad pellucid flanges; postscutellum one-half length of scutellum; squamae large, broad, flat, subequal in length to scutellum, transversely-obliquely carinulate, apex subacute, inner (posterior) margins with a lobe subtruncate just before apex. Mucro subequal in length to scutel- lum; flaring from base (width there one-third the length) to apex (width there two-thirds the length) which is roundly excised, the lateroapical angles broadly rounded; concave above, with no trace of carinules or rugulae within. Mesopleura with prepectus sharply margined anteriorly; episternal suture impressed, foveolate; hy- persternauli moderately impressed; sternostirae trisinuate, mod- erately developed, running obliquely forward and beneath to the sharply margined anterior edge of mesosternum; metapleura glab- OCT., 1943] PATE— OXYBELUS 125 rous, fulgid, with parallel, horizontal costulae. Propodeum fulgid; dorsal face with a very thin vestiture of short suberect light hair, otherwise glabrous; with moderate puncturation throughout; dorsal face traversed on each side by oblique, subparallel, some- what irregular rugulae; posterior face on disc with a large, deep, sharply margined, narrow subobhastate areole, trigonally acute and closed above, glabrous, nitidous, perfulgid within, long- stalked ventrally, laterad of which surface is traversed by hori- zontal, subparallel, somewhat irregular rugulae; lateral carinae well developed for entire length, erect and sublaminate dorsally, and simple but with a faint indication of a fork ventrally below; lateral faces with arcuate subparallel rugulae. Legs : fore metatarsi simple, with four small spinules. Middle and hind tibiae with several rows of long testaceous spines on outer faces; longer hind tibial calcar slender, acuminate, seven- eighths the length of hind metatarsi; hind femora with a fornicate keel above at apex. Abdomen fulgid; moderately constricted between the segments; with a thin vestiture of short decumbent hair, the tergites some- what silvery fasciate caudally. Tergites with moderately coarse puncturation throughout; first bisected by a weak impression; first three with chromatorachides, that of third weak, of first two moderately well developed and weakly serrate caudally; third to sixth inclusive with large strong latero-apical spines; penult without evident dorsolateral carinules apically; pygidium subrec- tangular, slightly longer than wide at base, tapering to apex, the width there one-half the basal width, disc coarsely punctate, apex subtruncate. Sternites subfulgid, more sparsely punctate than ter- gites, second to sixth with a transverse preapical welt. Female. Unknown. Paratypes. Two topotypical males, bearing the same data as the type except that one was taken at flowers of Asclepias erosa, agree with the type in all essential features of livery and struc- tural detail. Oxybelus puente^ Pate, new species The weakly margined, edentate upper edge of the clypeal bevel, the subtrigonal discal areole of the posterior propodeal face, and the more weakly angulate front differentiate puente from its nearest relative fossor Rohwer and Cockerell, of which umhrosus Mickel is the male. Type. $ ; Riverside, California. July 9, 1933. (P. H. Tim- berlake; taken in copula, flying over sand.) * After the Puente Hilla between Whittier and Riverside, California. 126 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. XIX, NO. 4 Male. 5 mm. long-. Black; the following deep stramineous: man- dibles except red apices, scape anteriorly and annulate at base and apex, pedicel, pronotum dorsally to and including tubercles, scutel- lum with a small spot at each anterior lateral corner, inner mar- gins of squamae, fore femora apically and beneath, middle and hind femora narrowly annulate at apex, all tibiae on outer faces, fore tarsi entirely, middle and hind metatarsi, axillary sclerites, and first abdominal tergite with a narrow transverse preapical line on each side. Abdomen bright ferruginous. Apex of clypeal lobe castaneous. Flagellum with first few segment brunneous, becom- ing bright fulvous apically. Middle and hind tarsi beyond first segment sordid fulvous. Pellucid dilute testaceous: tegulae, squamae, apical two-thirds of mucro. Wings clear hyaline, irri- descent; veins and stigma badeous. Head suborbicular in anterior aspect; clypeus and front with a moderate vestiture of appressed silvery pile; vertex and temples with similar but thinner pubescence, that of vertex suberect. Front with rather coarse, subcontiguous punctures throughout except be- low behind antennal scapes; width at distal end of scapes two-thirds the vertical eye length; fiatly concave below behind scapes to transversely subangularly tumid a little above them, bisected by a fine impression running ventrad from median ocellus. Vertex fulgid, anteriorly with punctures somewhat coarser than front, be- coming punctatostriate posteriorly; ocelli in a very low broad triangle, inner margins of hind ocelli with a glabrous, nitidous, subtuber culate welt, ocellocular line one-fourth the postocellar dis- tance; temples vertically striatopunctate ; temporal carinae en- tirely absent. Antennal scapes obterete, one-third the vertical eye length; pedicel obterete, four-thirds the length of first flagellar article; flagellum finely puberulent, inconspicuously incrassate dis- tad, first two segments subequal in length, last article simple, terete, twice the length of penult segment; interantennal line seven-tenths the antennocular distance. Clypeus with median length one-fourth the vertical eye length; flat laterally to tumid discally, bisected by a weak arched keel; median lobe with apical width five-thirds the median clypeal length, apically with a nar- row, transverse, linear, concave, glabrous nitidous bevel, sub- marginate above, apical margin shallowly bisinuate, weakly angu- late medially and sharply so laterally and in addition with a rounded emargination laterad of which is a strong mucronate tooth. Mandibles falcate; inner margins at basal third with a weak obtuse dentiform angle. Thorax fulgid; dorsuim with a rather sparse clothing of decli- vous aeneous hair; pleura with a more noticeable vestiture of appressed silvery pubescence. Pronotum short; dorsal face flat, anteriorly with a moderate, cristate carina distinctly interrupted at lateral angles. Mesonotum perfulgid, with large close punc- tures, disc wtih a broad shallow longitudinal concavity, coarsely OCT., 1943] PATE— OXYBELUS 127 foveolate posteriorly; scutellum transversely subrectangular, flatly tumid, coarsely punctate, bisected by a low carinule, lateral mar- gins with pellucid laminate flanges; postscutellum transversely rugose, three-sevenths (.43) the length of scutellum; squamae large, subequal in length to scutellum, transversely carinulate, apices acute, inner (posterior) margins with a lobe subtruncate a little before apices. Mucro one and four-tenths the length of scutel- lum; flaring from base (width one- third the length of mucro) to apex (width two-thirds length of mucro) which is deeply excised (depth of excision one-fourth the length of mucro), the latero- apical angles rounded, concave above and crossed one-fourth way from base by a transverse carina. Mesopleura with moderately coarse, close punctures throughout; prepectus sharply margined anteriorly; episternal suture impressed, foveolate; hypersternauli weak; sternostirae moderate, bisinuate, running obliquely forward and beneath to the sharply margined anterior edge of mesosternum. Metapleura glabrous, perfulgid, with parallel, horizontal costulae. Propodeum perfulgid; with a very thin and inconspicuous vesti- ture of puberulent hair; dorsal face traversed laterally by oblique, subparallel, somewhat irregular rugulae between which surf ace is finely punctate; posterior face discally with a sharply marginate, deep concave, narrow subcampanulate areole which is closed and finely, irregularly areolate above, glabrous, nitidous within, long- stalked ventrally, laterad of which surface is traversed by sub- horizontal, subparallel, irregular rugulae between which surface is finely punctate; lateral carinae strong throughout, sublaminate above, widely and strongly forked ventrally below; lateral faces traversed by subparallel, somewhat irregular fine rugulae. Legs: fore metatarsi with three short stiff spines. Middle and hind tibiae with several rows of declinate testaceous spines on outer faces; longer hind tibial calcar slender, acuminate, about three-fourths (.76) the length of hind metatarsi; hind femora with a short, sharp, subfornicatd keel above at apex. Abdomen fulgid; very slightly constricted between segments; with a very thin vestiture of short decumbent silvery hair. Ter- gites with moderately coarse, separated punctures throughout; first bisected by a moderate impression; first two with moderate, welt-like chromatorachides ; fourth to six inclusive with large strong latero-apical spines; penult without dorsolateral carinules apically; pygidium subquadrate, slightly broader than long, taper- ing slightly from base to apex where the width is subequal to the length, disc very coarsely punctate, apex subtruncate. Sternites more finely punctate and more heavily pubescent than tergites; second to fourth with a transverse pre-apical welt; sixth and seventh with caudal margins deeply angularly excised. Allotype. 2 ; Topotypical. Same data as type. 128 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XIX, NO. 4 Female. 5 mm. long’. Agrees wtih the male (type) except in the following features; Livery much the same but antennae largely light brunneous; abdominal dorsum bisected by a broad light fuscous streak. Vestiture similar but clypeus, front, temples and mesopleura with heavy sericeous pile; pygidium with appressed ferruginous setulae. Head with width of front at distal end of scapes eight-tenths the vertical eye length. Antennal scapes about four-tenths (.39) the vertical eye length; pedicel two and a half times length of first flagellar article which is two-thirds length of second ; interantennal distance five-eighths the antennocular distance. Clypeus with median length about one-fourth (.242) the vertical eye length; flat laterally to very gently tumid discally, medially with an elongate, subcompressed tubercle; median lobe with apical width about twice the median clypeal length, apically with a narrow, transverse, deflexed, nitidous, glabrous bevel, immarginate above, apical mar- gin bisinuate medially and thus obscurely tridentate, the latero- apical angles in addition with a large strong tooth. Thorax in general the same as male. Legs; fore metatarsi with five spines. Middle and hind tibiae strongly spinose on outer faces. Abdomen perfulgid; with punctures more separated on tergites. Pygidium flat, trigonal, one and a fifth times as long as broad at base, apex broadly rounded, disc with coarse, close, setigerous punctures. Paratypes. California; Riverside; July 9, 1933; (P. H. Tim- berlake; flying over sand); 2 29; May 25, 1928; (P. H. Timberlake; on Erigonum fasciculatum [California Buck- wheat]) : 2 S ; August 29, 1926; (P. H. Timberlake; on Poly- gonum lapathi folium, 1^ ; September 20-24, 1931; (P. H. Tim- berlake; on Baccharvs viminea [Mulefat] : 2 $ ; September 30, 1934; (P. H. Timberlake; on Baccharis emoryi [Waterwillow] ) ; 2 S ; October 9, 1929; (P. H. Timberlake; on EHogonum gra- cile) : 19. Whittier, Los Angeles County; August 11, 1920; (P. H. Timberlake; on Foeniculum vulgare [Fennel]); 3^. Claremont, Los Angeles County; (C. F. Baker); 1 19. CusHENBURY SPRINGS, San Bernardino CouNTY; September 1, 1936; (P. H. Timberlake; on Lepidospartum squamatum [Scale- Broom] ) : 1 ^ . The paratypes agree with the typical pair in all essential details. The males taken at Riverside, September 20-24, 1931, are smaller, melanic specimens, as is also the male from Cushen- bury Springs. A number have a distinct fuscous streak down the back of the abdomen. OCT., 1943 ] ROSS— RHOGOGASTER 129 THE NEARCTIC SAWFLIES OF THE GENUS RHOGOGASTER (Hymenoptera) BY HERBERT H. ROSS Illinois Natural History Survey, Urbana, Illinois In North America, the sawfly genus Rhogogaster Konow is primarily a western genus, being represented most abundantly in the Rocky Mountain region from British Columbia to California. The genus comprises a group of four medium sized species which are uniformly green with black markings on the dorsum and legs. Fifteen names have been proposed for the nearctic members of the genus ; three of these belong to other genera and some of the remainder must be reduced to syonymy. Color patterns on head, pleurae, and abdomeln vary considerably in shape and extent of the black areas, and are of only limited use for identification. Characters of the genitalia, especially the saws, have reliable identification characters. Our species fall into two natural groups: one, with flat head and shorter eyes, includes lateraria (Cresson) and addenda (Cres- son) ; the other, with slightly rounder head and longer eyes, in- cludes calif ornica (Norton) and the holarctic viridis (Linnaeus). The generic synonymy and definition has been given by Ross ( 1937 : 104 )*. Key to Nearctic Species 1. Apical sternite cleft with a sheath, fig. 6, females 2 Apical sternite not divided along meson, males 5 2. Pectus green or straw-color 3 Pectus black 4 3. Lancet with ventral lobes close together, spurette in a depres- sion and not projecting above it, fig. 9 calif ornica Lancet with ventral lobes further apart, spurette projecting above level of depression, fig. 8 viridis 4. Lancet with spurettes arising from depression at base of ven- tral lobes, fig. 10; abdominal tergites with dorsal area black, latero-ventral portion almost entirely green addenda Lancet with spurettes arising from ventral lobe above depres- sion, fig. 11; abdominal tergites more banded in appearance, the dorsal black area of each tergite continuing as a band down the latero-ventral portion lateraria 5. Costa and stigma entirely green or whitish.... 6 Costa and apex of stigma dark brown or black 7 * Illinois Biological Monographs 15 :1-17S ; '1937. 130 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. XIX, NO. 4 6. Head of penis valves more or less rectangular, fig. 2..califomica Head of penis valves hatchet-shaped, fig. 1 viridis 7. Mesopleurae and pectus separated by a broad black stripe which extends to, or almost to, the posterior margin of the pectus; praeputial processes no longer than width at apex, fig. 4 later aria Mesopleurae and pectus without a separating dark band or this band irregular and extending only midway across sclerite; praeputial processes longer than width at apex, fig. ^....addenda RhoGOGASTER VIRIDIS (LiNNAEUS) Tenthredo viridis Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, 10th ed. : 557, 1758. Rhogogaster ruga MacGillivray, Can. Ent. 60:160; 1923. $. New synonymy. Rhogogaster respectus MacGillivray, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 31:165; 1923. $ . New synonymy. This species has the habitus of some species of Tenthredo, being robust, about 10 mm. long, bright green in life with black markings on dorsum of head and thorax, and with the dorsum of the abdomen black. The sheath, fig. 6, is round at apex compared to the more pointed sheath of californica, figs. 7A and B; this difference, however, is not sufficiently marked to be useful for diagnosis. The male frequently has the black on the abdomen reduced to narrow, transverse bars. The species occurs throughout the Rocky Mountain region from Alaska to California, but apparently extends east only as far as Manitoba; it is recorded from many localities in northern Europe and Asia. Available data indicate a flight range from mid-May to mid-July. Distribution Records . — ^Alaska: Eagle, Katmai, Skagway. Alberta: Edmonton, Fawcett, Gull Lake, High Prairie, Waba- mum, Waterton, Wetaskewin. British Columbia: Great Divide. California: Carville, Lassen National Park, Meadow Valley, Nash Mine. Manitoba: Birtle, Husavick. Montana: Lake Mc- Donald, Glacier National Park. Yukon: Hootalinqua. Rhogogaster californica (Norton) Tenthredo calif ornicus Norton, Ent. Soc. Phil. Proc. 1:198; 1862. $. Tenthredopsis evansii Harrington, Can. Ent. 21:98; 1889. $. New synonymy. Tenthredo ripula MacGillivray, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 31:109; 1923. $ . New synonymy. This resembles viridis in external characteristics but is dis- OCT., 1943] ROSS— RHOGOGASTER 131 tinguished in both sexes by differences in genitalia. Its distribu- tion embraces not only the western portion of North America but also a band across the northern part of the continent extending Parts of Rhogogaster, Figs. 1-3, penis valves. Figs. 4-5, prae- putial lobes. Figs. 6-7, sheaths. Figs. 8-11, ventral margin of saws, sp — spurette. to the Atlantic coast. It has essentially the same seasonal timing as viridis, from May to mid-July. Distribution Records . — Alberta: Banff, Beaver Lodge, Faw- cett, Gull Lake, Rodner, Waterton. California: Hopland, Lake 132 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. XIX, NO. 4 Tahoe, Lassen, Modoc County, Plumas County, Sequoia National Park, Sonoma County, Trinity County, Truckee, Tulare County, Yosemite Valley, Colorado: Longs Peak Inn. Idaho: Worley. Manitoba: Aweme, Birtle, Michigan: Douglas Lake, Montana: Drummond, Florence, Gallatin County. New York: Karner, Ontario: Sudbury. Oregon: Corvallis, Eagle Ridge. Utah; LaSal Mountains, Washington: North Yakima, Yukon: White- horse. Rhogogaster lateraria (Cresson) Tenthredo lateraria Cresson, Amer. Ent. Soc. Trans. 8:23; 1880. 2 . Tenthredo retosta MacGillivray, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 31:109; 1923. $ . New synonymy. This species is smaller and with much more solid and extensive black areas than the preceding two, the abdomen appearing banded. The head is markedly flattened dorsad and wider than high. The species is restricted to the Rocky Mountain region and has not been taken north of Salmon Arm, B. C. It is a spring form, first collection date being March 21, atCorte Madero Creek, California, latest being July 22, at an elevation of 6,000 feet in the Blue Mountains in Oregon. Distribution Records . — Alberta: Waterton. British Colum- bia: Okanagan Falls, Salmon Arm, Vernon. California: Corte Madero Creek, Lake Tahoe, Muir Woods, South Anselmo. Idaho: Juliaetta, Moscow, Worley. Oregon: Corvallis, Eagle Ridge, Wallowa Lake. Washington: Wawawai. Rhogogaster addenda (Cresson) Tenthredo addenda Cresson, Amer. Ent. Soc. Trans. 8:23; 1880. 2. Tenthredo vittatipes Cresson, Amer. Ent. Soc. Trans. 8:24; 1880. $ . New synonymy. Rhogogaster tmncatus Rohwer, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc. 43:211; 1912. 2 . New' synonymy. Rhogogaster pitohatus Rohwer, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc. 43:211; 1912. 2 . New synonymy. Slightly smaller than lateraria but almost identical with it in color and general structure. The females are readily distin- guished by saw characters; the males are very similar and fre- quently difficult to differentiate except by characters mentioned in the key. The species range is very similar to that of lateraria but records indicate a seasonal timing two or three weeks later. OCT., 1943] LANGE— THECABIUS 133 Distribution Records . — ^British Columbia: Agassiz, Cultus Lake, Nanaimo. California: Alameda, Cisco, Fallen Leaf Lake, Giant Forest, Gold Lake, Lake Tahoe, Martinez, Nash Mine, Santa Cruz Mountains. Colorado: Manitou. Idaho: Juliaetta, Mt. Moscow. Montana: Bonner. Nevada: Reno. Oregon: Corvallis, Mt. Hood. Washington: Blue Mountains, Dayton, Easton, Elhi Hill, Garden, Olympia, Spokane, Wawawai. Species transferred to other genera Rhogogaster sayi 'R,o\m&r=Ma,cro'phya rapae (L.) New synonymy. Rhogogaster reliqua MacGillivray = Tenthredo olivacea L. New synonymy. Rhogogaster respersus MacGillivray = Tenthredo olivacea L. New synonymy. An Alternate Host Record for the Aphid, Thecabius popuLi-MONiLis (Riley) On October 25, 1942, along the banks of the Arroyo Seco River in Monterey County, California, the author found apterous forms of Thecabius po puli-monilis (Riley) on the roots of willow {Salix sp.). This aphid forms bead-like pseudogalls on the upper side of the leaves of Populus spp. in central and southern California, and as far as the author is aware, there are no records of the migration of this aphid to the roots of any plant. On May 12, 1942, at Gonzales, which is not far from the Arroyo Seco locality, first to third instar aphids of this species were found in bead-like galls on cottonwood. The galls per- sisted, and by August no living aphids in the galls were found. At Arroyo Seco, the apterous aphids were exposed on the small, fibrous roots by turning over rocks just above water line. They were covered by a white, waxy material. This aphid pre- ferred a habitat where leaves collected under the rocks; this ap- parently afforded them more protection. Some of the aphids had wing pads, and winged forms emerged in the laboratory and were later determined as this species by Professor E. O. Essig of the University of California. — ^W. H. Lange, Jr. 134 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XIX, NO. 4 NOTES ON THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF ORTHOPLEURA SPIN. (Coleoptera, Cleridae) BY A. B. WOLCOTT Dovmers Grove, Illinois The writer trusts that the following notes and key may prove to be of some aid to students of our beetle fauna. The occurrence of a supposedly new species enables the author to include its description. All the known species with the exception of three (0. purpurea Gohr., O. ichnoides Chevr., and 0. suturalis Chevr.,) are before the writer at this time. The characters used in the key for these three species are derived from their original descriptions. The presence of a more or less distinct, post-median elytral pale fleck is a matter of no moment, as it may, or may not occur in individuals of the same species. The punctation of the elytra is rarely of any importance as a diagnostic character due to the fact that it is so nearly identical in the different species, that it could better be considered as of generic value, hence these features are given but little consideration in the following accounts. Orthopleura cyanipennis Chapin Orthopleura cyanipennis Chapin, Proc. Ent. Soc., Wash., 22:52. 1920. A paratype of this fine and beautiful Mexican species is strik- ingly similar in size, color and form to Tenerus higouius Lewis, a Formosan insect, but the resemblance, remarkable as it is, is merely superficial. Cyanipenjiis is a slender species with head, prothorax and legs bright red, the elytra steel blue. Length (in specimen at hand) 7.6 mm. Orthopleura hintoni Wolcott, new species Allied to 0. cyanipennis Chapin, but more robust. Head, pro- thorax, base of antennae, body beneath and legs red. Head rather coarsely punctured, the occiput finely hut distinctly rugulose. An- tennae with scape and next two or three segments red, the balance of the segments of the funicle light piceous, shining, clava dark piceous. Sides of prothorax straight, pronotum quadrate, rather coarsely punctured, sides densely punctured, all punctures well separated, at middle of base a large smooth tubercle prolonged OCT., 1943] WOLCOTT— ORTHOPLEURA 135 anteriorly as a smooth, feeble costa to beyond the middle of the disk, the tubercle and costa with a few rather coarse, scattered punc- tures. Head and thorax rather densely clothed with long reddish hairs. Elytra blue, basal three-fifths rather coarsely and moder- ately densely punctured, basal portion scabrous in small areas, in other small places there is a tendency for the punctures to become seriate; apical two-fifths finely and densely punctured, these fine punctures also intermixed with the coarse punctures of basal por- tion. Pubescence erect, moderately dense and fine, black. Scutel- lum obscurely red. Legs red, distinctly punctured and pubescent. Length, 9.6 mm. Holotype, a female in the collection of the author, Mazatlan, (West Coast) Mexico, collected by Dr. H. E. Hinton, August 4, 1932, to whom this fine species is dedicated. This species is so closely allied to 0. cyanipennis Chapin, that it is only after long consideration that the writer has ventured to characterize it. The more robust form, the coarser puncturing and the presence of feeble costa are the characters depended upon for the recognition of this species. Orthopleura quadraticollis Spinola Orthopleura quadraticollis Spinola, Mon. Cler. pi. XXXII, fig. 4, 1844. In 1910 (Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Zool. Ser., Vol. VH, no. 10, p. 393), the writer called attention to this species and gave some descriptive notes drawn from the figure given by Spinola. Due to the fact that Spinola lost his descriptive notes he figured but did not describe this species and he failed to mention the locality or country from which his specimen was derived. How- ever, the figure is very good, and should serve to identify the species. Sometime ago the writer received from Drs. H. E. Hin- ton and R. L. Usinger a fine male specimen of this species col- lected at Bejucos, Temescaltepec, Mexico, July 4, 1937. This specimen agrees in all respects with the cited figure by Spinola, and affords an opportunity to describe it in detail and thus make it better known. General color deep rich red; form elongate, subcylindrical, rather robust; elytra moderately convex, conjointly rounded at apex, sutural angles obtusely rounded, dorsum subopaque. Head dark rufous becoming very dark (nearly black), on occiput; pubes- cence short, rather dense, yellow, darker on occiput. Antennae 136 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. XIX, NO. 4 with scape and funicle red, sparsely clothed with short flavous hairs, clava consisting of three enlarged segments, dark piceous, inner angles of the first and second segments of clava produced into flattened rami, which are obtusely rounded at their apices, three enlarged segments of clava together longer than two-thirds total length of antenna. Prothorax dark rich red, as broad as long, quadrate, sides parallel, pronotum dark rich rufous, clothed with long, dense golden yellow sericeous recumbent hairs, median longi- tudinal vitta extending from base to apical margin, nude, exposing the in tegumental ground color, wide at base, which has neither a tubercle nor a costa present, disk with fine, dense, feebly impressed punctures. Scutellum obscurely rufous. Elytra wider at base than prothorax, wider posteriorly, sides feebly, broadly rounded to apex, which is conjointly obtusely rounded, sutural angles obtusely rounded, color piceous, suture, lateral and apical margins narrowly yellowish-red, pubescence concolorous with the surface from which it arises, short, fine and rather sparse. Metasternum dark red, sparsely feebly punctured, at sides densely punctured. Abdomen shining, dark piceous, apical segment reddish, coarsely, sparsely and feebly punctate, sides with a few long yellow hairs. Legs red, rather densely coarsely punctured rather densely clothed with long hairs, tarsi of all legs fuscous, tibiae of middle fuscous, tibiae of front and hind legs fuscous at apex. Length (in present specimen), 10 mm. 0. quadraticollis Chevr., and 0. lepida Klug are the only members of the genus, as far as known to the writer, in which the suture and lateral margins are margined with a pale color. 0. lepida is a small species (4.5 mm. long) of Cuba, and bears but little resemblance to Spinola’s species. Chevr olat (Rev. Mag. Zodl., 1874, p. 329) described under 0. damicornis F. a supposed variety which he designated as “Var. D.” from Cuba, it is iden- tical with lepida. In occasional specimens of 0. binotata Gorham the elytra may be margined in a similar manner to quadraticollis, but may be readily distinguished by the maculations of the pronotum. 0. suturalis Chevrolat, blue-black, with the suture and elytral apices broadly reddish has a dark pronotum. 0. cyanipennis Chapin and 0. hintoni Wolcott, are the only species in which the elytra are of a distinct blue color. 0. punctatissima Chevr., and 0. texana Bland, are closely allied species, in the former the antennae are black, piceous at base, head clothed with rather dense gray pubes- cence; the latter has the head clothed with short golden-yellow hairs, the antenna with the scape and funicle dark rufous with yellow hairs, clava black. 0. teneroides Gorham has the sides of OCT., 1943] WOLCOTT— ORTHOPLEURA 137 the prothorax broadly, feebly rounded, the punctation of the very black elytra is much coarser than in any of the other known species. The pronotum with rather long, dense, sericeous golden yellow pilosity at each side middle of disk. 0. damicornis Fab., has the head black, clothed with black hairs, the pronotum red with the sides and base narrowly margined with black, and the elytra feebly shining. These notes and the key which follows should facilitate iden- tification of the several species. Key to the American species of Orthopleura Spinola 1. Pubescence of pronotum evenly distributed- 2 Pubescence of pronotum so distributed as to form vittae.. 3 2. Pronotum dark piceous 4 Pronotum wholly or in part red —5 5. Elytra wholly red 6 Elytra distinctly blue 7 Elytra black or blue-black 8 Elytra piceous 9 4. Elytra with suture broadly and apex, pitchy red — - siituralis Chevr. Elytra uniformly piceous guadeloiipensis n, sp. 7. Pronotum with feeble tubercle and costa. hintoni n. sp. Pronotum with tubercle and costa wanting.. ..cyanipennis Chpn, 8. Elytra blue-black, elytral margins pale yellowish-red... lepida Klug Elytra black, very coarsely punctured teneroides Gorh. Elytra black, rather finely punctured. damicornis Fab, 9. Funicle red, head clothed with golden-yellow hairs texana Bland. Funicle black, head clothed with gray hairs. jounctatissima Chevr. 6. Thorax red, sides and three vittae, black... ...jourpurea Gorh. 3. Thorax red, elytra piceous, suture and lateral margins yel- low 10 10. Pronotum with a narrow nude median vitta dark red quadraticollis Spin. Pronotum with distinct spots and vittae of integumented color ' 11 11. Pronotum with two large ovate dark spots at base binotata Gorh. Pronotum with sides and two linear vittae, black ichnoides Chevr. 138 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. XIX, NO. 4 Appendix Orthopleura guadeloupensis Wolcott, new species Piceous, thinly clothed with fine, short brown pubescence. An- tennae with scape and following segment red, infuscate, balance of funicle dark piceous, clava finely clothed with short, gray pubes- cence, clava formed as in 0. quadraticollis Spinola, but very pale piceous, nearly rufous, finely pubescent. Pronotum piceous, densely, sparsely and coarsely punctate. Elytra dark reddish piceous, punctured as usual in this genus, at apex densely clothed with flavo-cinereous pubesence. Abdomen rufous, densely rather coarsely punctate, the segments each with their posterior margins dark piceous, fifth segment elongate trapezoidal semi-circularly emargi- nate at apex, sixth ventral segment short, obtusely rounded at apex. Metasternum dark piceous, punctate. Legs piceous red, densely and rather coarsely punctured. Length, 5.7 mm. Holotype, a male in the collection of the writer, Guadeloupe. (Staudinger) . A Taxonomic Note on Aradus depictus Van Duzee This species was synonymized with concinnus Bergroth by me (Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 29:495, 1936) because no mention was made of distinctive characters in the original description, the characters mentioned by Parshley (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 47 : 47-50, 1921) were variable in the series of specimens before me, and the ranges of the two forms overlapped. Dr. Parshley {in lift.) has since called my attention to constant structural differ- ences in the antennfie which serve to distinguish the two species. In concinnus the antennae are relatively short and the second segment is slightly shorter than the interocular space and evenly narrowed to just before the base. In depictus the antennae are longer, the second segment being longer than the interocular space, rather evenly thickened on its apical two-thirds, and abruptly narrowed at basal third. The third segment is less than half as long as second in concinnus and more than half as long as second in depictus. In concinnus the second segment is usually annulate with white at middle and at apex whereas it is entirely brown in depictus. The scutellum is relatively broader in con- cinnus . — R. L. UsiNGER. OCT., 1943] COOLEY & KOHLS— IXODES 139 IXODES CALIFORNICUS BANKS, 1904, IXODES PACIFICUS N. SP., AND IXODES CONEPATI N. SP. ( Acarina : Ixodidae ) * BY R. A. COOLEY, Senior Entomologist, and glenn m. kohls, Associate Entomologist, United States Public Health Service. Ixodes californicus Banks This tick was described by Banks (1904, Proc. California Academy Sciences, 3d Ser., ZooL, Vol. Ill, No. 13, p. 369, Plate XLI, Fig. 57) from “several specimens” found on a bird, “Toxo- stoma crissalis,” at Claremont, California (Baker). The author apparently believed the specimens to be females for he states, “Length 2 4 mm.” Through the kindness of Dr. Joseph C. Baequaert we have had an opportunity to examine the type material from the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. It was found that the lot contains 5 nymphs. Because of the absence of females, an attempt was made to locate further type material in the Cali- fornia Academy of Sciences, but without success. Through Dr. Bequeart we have learned that Mr. Banks now considers it very likely that he saw only nymphs when he described californicus and that all of the specimens were in fact nymphs. Banks’ de- scription and figures of the nymphs made in 1904 are entirely adequate for the recognition of the specimens. These nymphs are specifically different from those of the tick which has been gener- ally accepted as californicus. They suggest /. hrunneus Koch, 1844, the nymph of which has never been adequately described and figured. Whether californicus will eventually fall as a syn- onym of hrunneaus can be determined only when nymphs of hrunneus are available for study. Banks in 1908 (A Revision of the Ixodoidea, or Ticks of the United States, Bureau of Entomology, Technical Series, No. 15, p. 24) redescribed Ixodes californicus Banks on the basis of a male and female from specimens taken in Claremont, Santa Clara County, Santa Cruz Mountains, and Redwood Creek, Hum- boldt County, all of California, and the hosts given are gray fox and black-tailed deer. His redescriptions and figures were ade- * Contribution from the Rocky Mountain Laboratory (Hamilton, Montana) of the Division of Infectious Diseases of the National Institute of Health. 140 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL.XIX, NO. 4 quate for the recognition of the common Ixodes of the Pacific Coast and the name californicus has since been erroneously used for this tick, which is now described as Ixodes pad ficus n. sp. Ixodes pacificus Cooley and Kohls, new species Female Body. Capitulum, scutum and legs brown-black. Unfed, body nearly elliptical. Scutum reaching about half the length. Post- scutal areas with numerous long hairs. Lateral folds distinct, nar- ro-tv. Length, from scapulae to posterior margin, 2.64 mm.; width, 1.14 mm. Fully fed specimens are a little wider and swollen behind and may reach 9.0 mm. in length. Capitulum. Length, from posterior corners to tip of hypostome, 0.84 mm.; width of basis just posterior to the palpi, 0.45 mm. Basis with an even, convex curvature on top, lateral margins abrupt, converging posteriorly. Posterior margin a concave line, salient; cornua absent. Porose areas oval or sub-triangular, separated by less than the length of one. Surface smooth, shagreened, shining. Palpi long, bluntly rounded apically; lateral margins nearly straight, median margins curved. Article 2 longer than 3. Com- bined length of 2 and 3, 0.6 mm. Surface of palpi faintly sha- greened, punctate and with a few hairs which are short except for two or three long ones near the base on the median side. In ventral view the basis is evenly curved, broadly rounded and salient be- hind ; transverse sutural line visible. Auriculae mild as short ridges. Palpi flattened medially. Article one with the inner plate visible as a triangular point. Hypostome. Long, rounded apically. Denticles 3/3 for most of the length but 4/4 in the distal portion; more visible in specimens mounted in balsam. Lateral denticles longest and pointed; median flies with the denticles progressively smaller and rounded. Length about 0.54 mm. Scutum. Slightly longer than wide, widest at about the middle. Posterior border broadly rounded. Scapulae pointed, moderate in length. Sizes from 1.26 mm. x 1.14 mm. to 1.44 mm. x 1.36 mm. Lateral carinae never distinct but traceable in some specimens. Cervical grooves usually visible only in reflected light as long, shallow depressions which are first convergent, then divergent and terminate before reaching the postero-lateral border. Surface sha- greened throughout. Punctations fine and numerous. Hairs long and large, confined usually to longitudinal bands in the median and the lateral areas. Hairs on the scutum very similar to those on the postscutal area but usually a little longer. Legs. Smooth and shagreened. Tarsi long, tapering, and with subapical humps very small on I, absent on all others. Ventral hairs on legs long and spinelike. Haller's organ on I distant from OCT., 1943] COOLEY & KOHLS— IXODES 141 the distal end. Length of tarsus I, 0.84 mm.; metatarsus, 0.50 mm. Length of tarsus IV, 0.82 mm.; metatarsus, 0.54 mm. Coxae. Smooth, mildly convex, with very long hairs and with posterior edges salient. Internal spur on I long, tapering and pointed; absent on II, III and IV, but on II III there are salient corners. External spurs short on all coxae. Figure 1. Female Ixodes pacificus Cooley and Kohls. A. Capi- tulum and scutum, dorsal. B. Capitulum and coxae, ventral. C. Hypostome. D. Spiracular plate. E. Tarsus and metatarsus of leg I. F. Tarsus and metatarsus of leg IV. G. Shape, replete specimen. 142 THE PAN-PACIFIG ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XIX, NO. 4 Spiracular plate. Suboval, with the longer axis transverse and with the nearly level surface well elevated over the body surface. Goblets moderate in number and size. Size about 0.3 mm. x 0.27 mm. Sexual opening. Placed between coxae IV. Figure 2. Ixodes pacificus Cooley and Kohls. A. Male capitu- lum and body, dorsal. B. Male capitulum and coxae, ventral. C. Male spiracular plate. D. Male hypostome. E. Male tarsus and metatarsus of leg I. F. Male tarsus and metatarsus of leg IV. G. Nymph, capitulum and scutum, dorsal. H. Nymph, capitulum and coxae, ventral. I. Nymph hypostome. J. Nymph, spiracular plate. K. Nymph, tarsus and metatarsus of leg I. L. Nymph, tarsus and metatarsus of leg IV. OCT., 1943] COOLEY & KOHLS— IXODES 143 Male Body. Oval, a little wider behind. Leng-th, from scapulae to pos- terior border, 2.19 mm.; width, 1.32 mm. Capitulum. Basis flattened (mildly convex) edges salient at the sides and behind; lateral borders convergent behind. Cornua ab- sent. Surface punctate. Palpi broad, rounded apically, and with article 2 depressed dorsally. Article 1 simple. Hairs short except- ing about three on the median side of article 2. In ventral view the basis is short and with a salient point behind. Auriculae present as lateral ridges. Palpi flattened medially and with the ventral edge in line with a mild tooth on inner plate of article 1. Scutum. Length 2.04 mm.; width, 1.02 mm. Surface about equally convex on both ends. Pseudoscutum usually not visible but if visible then broadly rounded behind. Scapulae long, bluntly pointed and round on top. Hairs numerous and long, similar to those on the lateral folds; each hair arising from a depression which directs the supine hair backward. Punctations numerous, fine. The surface in general faintly shagreened. Hypostome. Large and with large lateral denticles, those near the base larger, directed posteriorly and well raised above the surface of hypostome. The small median denticles as diagonal crenulations. Length about 0.33 mm. Ventral plates. Median plate three times as long as the anal plate. Pregenital plate not clearly defined. Punctations on all plates numerous and fine, shallow. Hairs on all plates fine and numerous. Legs. Essentially as in the female but with metatarsus on leg I relatively much shorter. Coxae. Essentially as in the female but the internal spur on coxa I is shorter. Spiracular plate. Oval with the longer axis longitudinal. Macula a little ececntric on the antero- ventral side. Length, 0.268 mm.; width, 0.221 mm. Sexual opening. At the level of coxae III. Nymph Capitulum. Basis broad with the posterior edge salient and nearly straight. Cornua definite, small, divergent, slightly eleva- ted over the level of the posterior margin and often with the eleva- tion extending forward. Surface impunctate, shagreened. Palpi long, laterally straight, medially curved. Article 1 simple in dorsal view. Hairs few. In ventral view basis is long, waisted at the middle, broadly rounded and salient behind. Auriculae as mild lateral extensions. Article 1 of the palpus with a faint ventral tooth. Hypostome. Rounded apically. Denticles first 3/3 and then 2/2 with the lateral teeth pointed and larger, the medians rounded and progressively smaller to the median line. Length about 0.19 mm. 144 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [VOL. XIX, NO. 4 Scutum. Sub-circular, slightly wider than long. Scapulae short and rounded. Lateral carinae faint, nearly straight. Cervical grooves distinct, first convergent and then divergent, fading out before reaching the postero-lateral margins. Surface shagreened. Punctations few and small. Hairs few and small. Legs. Essentially as in the male and female. Metatarsus on leg I about half as long as the tarsus. Coxae. Essentially as in the male. Spiracular plate. Sub-circular with the longer axis transverse. Porose central. Goblets few and scattered. Length, 0.134 mm., width, 0.115 mm. Holotyype (female), allotype (male) and paratypes all from A. P. 8096, a lot of 5 females and 6 males collected from vege- tation, Monterey County, California, March 16, 1932. Also 8 paratype nymphs, A. P. 20022, from Vancouver, B. C., reared by Mr. J. D. Gregson. Holotype and allotype, paratypes of adults and paratype nymphs are deposited in the collections of the Rocky Mountain Laboratory, Hamilton, Montana. Paratype adults and nymphs are placed in the United States National Museum, Washington, D. C. ; Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.; Division of Entomology and Parasitology, University of California, Berkeley, California. The nymphs of pad ficus may be readily distinguished from those of californicus by several characters including their very small, ridge-like auriculae. In californicus they are large, tri- angular, and protrude laterally. The adults of pad ficus differ from those of I. scapularis Say, 1821, in several respects. The absence of cornua in the pacificus female and the much smaller spiracular plates in the male will serve to separate the two species. Furthermore, pacificus is known only from coastal regionls of British Columbia and Western United States as far south as San Diego, California. It undoubtedly extends south into Lower California. Scapularis, however, is widely distributed in much of the Southeastern United States and it has also been reported from near Tampico, Mexico. Ixodes conepati Cooley and Kohls, new species Female Described from holotype (unengorged) and one paratype (a little engorged) . OCT., 1943] COOLEY & KOHLS— IXODES 145 Bodqf. Color well sclerotized parts brown-black. Leng’th (tips of scapulae to posterior extremity), 4.05 mm.; width, 2.25 mm. Oval, widest at about the middle. Color, yellow-brown. Scutum reaching' about half the length. Postscutal area smooth, striate, and with numerous hairs which are similar to those on the mar- ginal folds. Capitulum. Length (cornua to tip of hypostome), 0.9 mm.; width of basis (dorsum back of palpi), 0.66 mm. Sides either curved or straight and slightly convergent behind. Cornua distinct, moderately rounded, and at about the same level as the salient posterior margin. Porose areas large, depressed and well sepa- rated. Surface smooth, shining, and faintly shagreened. Inner plate of palpal article 1 visible as a small button. Article 2 longer than 3; combined length, 0.95 mm.; greatest width, 0.21 mm. Lat- erally straight, medially curved; widest across article 2. Hairs few and small. In ventral view basis is broad, slightly convex, broadly rounded and salient behind. Auriculae absent. Transverse sutural line visible. Palpi flattened medially. Inner plate on article 1 visible as a small sub-oval plate. Hypostome. Long with sides nearly parallel, apex rounded. Denticles 3/3 for about the terminal one-third, then 2/2 to the base. Denticles progressively smaller from the laterals to the median line. Length about 0.51 mm. Scutum. Length, 1.8 mm.; width, 1.68 mm. A little longer than wide, widest in front of the middle; rounded behind. Scapulae long, thin and pointed. Lateral carinae distinct and curved, start- ing at the scapulae and nearly reaching the postero-lateral mar- gins; more precipitous on the median than on the lateral sides. Cervical grooves shallow, indefinite, first convergent then diver- gent, and reaching posteriorly to opposite the termini of the cari- nae. Punctations numerous, moderate in size. Surface faintly shagreened, shining. Hairs very few and short (negligible). Legs. Long and small. All tarsi terminating abruptly with sub- apical dorsal humps only moderate. Ventral hairs more numerous and coarser on leg IV than on I. Length of tarsis I, 0.75 mm.; metatarsus, 0.61 mm. Length of tarsus IV, 0.75 mm,.; metatarsus, 0.72 mm. Coxae. Coxae II, III, and IV mildly convex; salient on the posterior margins. Internal spur on I long, thin, and pointed; absent on all others. External spurs on all coxae short, rounded, and all about equal. A few hairs on all coxae. Spiracular plate. Large, nearly circular, with the slightly longer axis transverse. Surface a little elevated over that of the body, faintly convex. Goblets numerous and large. Size 0.37 mm. by 0.35 mm. Sexual opening. Situated between coxae III. The specimen included as a paratype, differs from the holotype in having the palpi shorter (articles 2 and 3, 0.69 mm.), in hav- 146 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. XIX, NO. 4 Figure 3. Female Ixodes conepati Cooley and Kohls. A. Capitu- lum and scutum, dorsal. B. Capitulum and coxae, ventral. C. Spir- acular plate. D. Hypostome. E. Tarsus and metatarsus of leg I. F. Tarsus and metatarsus of leg IV. OCT., 1943] ESSIG— SUMAC-GALL APHID 147 ing the posterior marg'in of the basis a little depressed below the level of the cornua, and in having- the scutum wider than long (length 1.71 mm., width 1.8 mm.). Closely related species have similar variations. The hypostome is lacking in the paratype. Male unknown. Holotype. Female, A. P. 17256, from a cave near New Braunfels, Texas, September 13, 1940. Cave was evidently frequented by various animals. Paratype. Female, A. P. 18440, from Conepatus sp., Brew- ster County, Texas, March, 1940. Holotype deposited in the collections of the Rocky Mountain Laboratory. Paratype deposited in the United States National Museum. The species is closely related to marmotae Cooley and Kohls, 1938, and cookei Packard, 1869. From marmotae it differs in lacking auriculae entirely and from both in being larger, in having longer legs and relatively longer palpi and hypostome. 7. conepati is known only from southern Texas, cookei only from Eastern States, and marmotae only from Western States. Sumac-gall Aphid, Melaphis rhois (Fitch), in Arizona This very interesting aphid was collected in Cave Creek Can- yon, Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona, August 22, 1943, on smooth, scarlet, or red sumac, Rhus glabra L., by Dr. Wyatt W. Jones. He described the galls as follows: “I was somewhat surprised to see very large, sac-like galls on reddish leaves and to find hun- dreds of small winged aphids within. The galls were apparently always within one-half inch of the base of the leaflet and very close to the mid-vein, but not attached to it. In genleral the galls are bladder-shaped, but more or less irregular. Some were larger in diameter than three-fourths of an inch.” This is primarily an eastern species and I have been able to find printed reports of its occurrence in New York (Fitch, 1886), Illinois (Walsh, 1866), Minnesota (Oestlund, 1887), New Jersey (Smith, 1890), Iowa (Osburn, 1892) Ohio (Cook, 1904, by Jack- son, 1908), Kansas (Sanborn, 1906), Connecticut (Patch, 1923), North Carolina (Brimley, 1938). I also have mounted specime'-ij from Ottawa, Canada (Ross, 1916), South Carolina (Nettles, 1933), and Pennsylvania (Pepper, 1938). — E. 0. EssiG. 148 THE PAN-PACIFIO ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. XIX, NO. 4 THE GENUS CULICOIDES IN NORTHERN COLORADO (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) BY MAURICE T. JAMES Colorado State College, Ft. Collins, Colorado During the summer of 1942, about 5000 specimens of Culi- coides were taken in a light trap operated by Prof. Miriam A. Palmer on the campus of Colorado State College. This material, together with a few specimens obtained from other sources, sup- plied the material on which this paper is based. Ten determined species were taken in the Ft. Collins light trap; an eleventh is added from the Denver Mountain Parks Area. I am indebted to Miss Palmer for the illustrations of the male genitalia. CULICOIDES HIEROGLYPHICUS MaLLOCH This was by far the most abundant species in the Ft. Collins light trap, being represented by 2430 specimens. May 19 to Sep- tember 16. It remained important throughout the season and during August and early September accounted for more than half the light trap catch. Also taken at Evergreen, Colorado, July 25, 1942 (James) 2 2 2. The male genitalia show some variation. Some specimens are as in the illustration in Root and Hoffman; in others, the sub- median projections of the ninth sternite are much shorter and the foot-like apex of the claspers is less pronounced. CULICOIDES OBSOLETUS MeIGEN Light trap. Ft. Collins, 659 specimens. May 22 to September 18; unimportant, however, until about July 1, after which time it ran second in importance to hierogljphicus. CuLICOlDES VARIIPENNIS COQUILLETT Light trap. Ft. Collins, 63 specimens. May 25 to August 31. Never present in great numbers in any catch. CuLICOIDES STELLIFER CoQUlLLETT Light trap. Ft. Collins, 198 specimens, June 29 to Sept. 12. Unimportant except during the period from July 6 to August 2. Also taken at Evergreen, Colorado, July 25, 1942 (James) 2 2 2. OCT., 1943] JAMES— CULICOIDES 149 CULICOIDES BAUERI HoFFMAN Light trap, Ft Collins, 112 specimens, June 3 to August 5. Never of much importance; most abundant from June 15 to July 19. CULICOIDES CREPUSCULARIS MaLLOCH Light trap. Ft. Collins, 481 specimens. May 16 to September 14. The first species to appear in the spring, it remained of approximately equal importance throughout the summer. Also taken at Evergreen, July 25, 1942 (James) 3$. CuLicoiDEs haematopotus Malloch Light trap. Ft. Collins, 299 specimens. May 23 to September 14. Like crepuscularis, it remained of approximately equal im- portance throughout the summer, except for the tendency to show peaks of abundance in early July and early September. CULICOIDES COCKERELLI CoQUILLETT Light trap. Ft. Collins, 7 specimens, June 3 to August 1. All specimens evidently are the same species, yet the coloration and pattern on the mesonotum varies considerably. In Root and Hoffman’s key, some specimens may trace to luteovenus, but the wing pattern is quite different in the two species. The male genitalia are in general quite similar to those of C. luteovenus; they agree with Root and Hoffman’s illustration in the general structures of the ninth tergite, the side pieces and the claspers. The seta-like hairs of the side pieces, however, instead of forming a dense patch, spread over the entire inner surface. The aedoeagus is similar in structure, except that its chitinous supports unite in the middle. The harpes are similar except that their bases are a little more slender and the apices are somewhat recurved. Culicoides stonei James, new species Female. Head yellowish-brown. Eyes narrowly separated. An- tennae yellowish-brown; last five segments subequal, fusiform; basal ones bead-like; ratio of length of last five combined to that of basal eight combined about 10:10. Palpi brown; third segment considerably inflated. Thorax yellowish-brown, its pollen uni- formly yellowish-brown, without evident markings; pleura yellow- ish; legs yellow. Wings without light or dark spots; macrotrichia 150 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. XIX, NO. 4 rather uniformly distributed. Abdomen yellow. Liength, 1-1.5 mm. Male. Coloration as in female. Antennal plume yellow. Api- colateral processes of ninth termite very large, inner process of side piece much smaller than the dorsal, claspers gently bent and slender beyond middle, harpes slender, simple, and pointed api- cally, rather stout and bent over themselves basally. Holotype, male, allotype female, and paratopotypes, 6 males and 16 females. Ft. Collins, Colorado, June 17 to August 31, 1942, at light (M. A. Palmer) . In Root and Hoffman’s key, this species traces to C. uriicoloT. In the key to male terminalia, it runs to couplet 9, but the tip of Figure 1. Culicoides stonei James, male genitalia, x 300. the aedoeagus is rounded instead of being either pointed or truncate. 1 take pleasure in naming the species after Doctor Alan Stone, who compared a female specimen and a sketch of the terminalia with C. melleus and C. anicolor, and decided that it was distinct from both those species. Culicoides simulans R. & H. Evergreen, Colorado, July 25, 1942 (James), 22$, 15. The one male available shows slight variations in the genitalia from the Root & Hoffman figure, in that the harpes end in a single curve outward instead of an S-shaped curve, and the aed c>e.agus is rounded at the apex. These variations, however, are probably not of specific value. OCT., 1943] JAMES— CULICOIDES 151 Culicoides palmerae James, new species Female. Head uniformly brown. Eyes narrowly separated. An- tennae light brown; last five segments of flagellum subequal, fusi- form; light basal one small, bead-like, ratio of combined length of last five to combined length of first eight 19:15. Palpi dark brown; second segment four times, third twice, as long as wide, third definitely swollen and with a sensory pit near apex; ratio of length of second, third, fourth, and fifth segments about 4: 5:1:1. Proboscis black. Mesonotum brown; a very narrow median longitudinal stripe on the anterior half darker; indistinctly defined areas behind sensory pits more or less reddish brown ; submedian spots on poste- rior half and prescutellar area dark. Legs brown; hind tibia with a light basal annulus. Wings brown, with two distinct light spots. 152 THE PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST [vOL. XIX, NO. 4 one at the cross-vein and one in cell Rs beyond apex of cell R 3 ; also light spots which are usually large but more or less indistinct at apices of Rs, Mi, M 2 , Cui, and anal cells, and near middle of wing. Abdomen yellowish-brown to almost black. Spermathecae 2 , oval, about 50 by 75, base of duct very narrowly chitinized, rudimentary spermetheca present. Length, 1-1.5 mm. Male. Coloration as in female. Antennal plume light brown, darker apically. Wings somewhat more slender than in female, and with markings less distinct. Genitalia very large, one-fourth length of abdomen, and of a very characteristic type. Ninth ter- gite extremely convex, notched at apex, and with exceptionally large, somewhat truncated apicolateral processes; claspers sharply bent at basal fourth, the inner angle being distinctly an acute one (about 60°) ; claspers slender beyond bend; aedoeagus and harpes also characteristic. Holotype, male, allotype, female, and about 500 paratypes, male and female. Ft. Collins, Colorado, June 2 to August 26, 1942, at light (M. A. Palmer) . The thoracic pattern is indistinct; therefore, in Root and Hoffman’s key (Amer. Jour. Hygiene, 25:152-154, 1937) this species should be placed in the second half of couplet 10, where it will trace best to simidans Root & Hoffman. In the key to male genitalia, it fits the first alternative of couplet 1, but may immediately be separated from all species treated there by the large, blunt apicolateral processes of the ninth tergite, as well as by the form of the claspers. The relationship among Nearctic species is probably closest to simidans, though, to follow Root and Hoffman’s grouping based on genital characters, palmerae is deserving of a separate group rank. Light trap. Ft. Collins, 581 specimens (not all types), June 2 to August 26. Most important from June 10 to July 21, during which time it was at least as abundant as C. hieroglyphicus. DISCUSSION Seasonal abundance at Ft. Collins in 1942, as indicated by the light trap, is shown in Fig. 3. The graph is based on esti- mated weekly totals, the estimate being made by totaling the weekly catch, multiplying by seven, and dividing by the number of daily samples. For example, if the light trap were operated five nights of a given week, the total of the five samples was multiplied by seven-fifths. Three types of graphs are represented. In three species, ere- OCT., 1943] JAMES— CULICOIDES 153 puscularis, varUpennis, and haematopotus, the size of the catch remains fairly constant throughout the season. Three other species, palmerae, stellifer, and haueri, have a definite season of abundance, and outside of this season occur as stragglers, if at obsoletus stellifer stonei pdimerae coc herein baueri hieroglyphicus haemat opot us varupennis 00 $ a> c Xio Q.